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1 1 (June 5, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govzyi0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional _____ A Research Service informing the Iegislative debate since 1914 Escalating U.S. Tariffs: Timeline Updated June 5, 2019 The trade practices of U.S. trading partners and the U.S. trade deficit are a focus of the Trump Administration. Citing these and other concerns, the President has imposed tariff increases under three U.S. laws: * (1) Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 (Table 1) on U.S. imports of washing machines and solar products; * (2) Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (Table 2) on U.S. imports of steel and aluminum, and potentially motor vehicles and parts, uranium, and titanium sponge; and * (3) Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (Table 3) on U.S. imports from China. Congress delegated aspects of its constitutional authority to regulate foreign commerce to the President through these trade laws. These statutory authorities allow presidential action, based on agency investigations, to take various actions, including import restrictions to address specific concerns (see text box). They have been used infrequently in the past two decades, in part due to the 1995 creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its enforceable dispute settlement system. Prior to this Administration, U.S. import restrictions were last imposed under these trade laws in 1986 for Section 232, in 2001 for Section 301, and in 2002 for Section 201. The President has also recently proposed increasing tariffs on imports from Mexico using authorities delegated by Congress under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) (Table 4). For information on retaliatory tariffs by U.S. trading partners, see CRS Insight 1N 10971, Escalating US. Tariffs: Affected Trade. U.S. Laws Related To Trump Administration Trade Actions -Se ction 2101 of the Trade Act of I1974-AlIows the President to impose temporary duties and other trade measures if the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) determines a surge in imports is a substantial cause or threat of serious injury to a U.S. indlustry. Sec:ti 2 32 of the Trade Expansion Act of I1962-Allows the President to adjust imports if the Department of Commerce finds certain products are imported in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair U'S' national security. Sction 301 of the Trade Act of I 974-Allows the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to suspend trade agreement concessions or impose import restrictions if it determines a U.S. trading partner is violating trade agreement commitments or engaging in discriminatory or unreasonable practices that burden or restr-ict U.S. commerce. InternatinalEergency Economicr Fowvers Act (IEEPA) of I 977-Allows the President to regulate the importation of any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest if the President declares a national emergency to deaf withi an unusual and extraordinary threait, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or- economy of the United States. IN10943 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress -

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