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Defense Primer: Information Operations
Information Warfare Unlike PSYOP
While there is currently no official U.S. government persuade, MIL
definition of information warfare (IW), practitioners
typically conceptualize it as a strategy for the use and In 2010, PSYO
management of information to pursue a competitive operations (MI
advantage, including both offensive and defensive and te existinj
operations. Strategy can be defined as the process of consisting of P
planning to achieve objectives and goals in the national overseas. Joint
interest. Operations link strategic objectives with tactics, psychological
techniques, and procedures. For IW strategy, that link is operations to
information operations (JO). nature of plann
activities. The
Information Operations administrative
Current and past definitions within the DOD have revert to te PS
conceptualized JO, as opposed to IW, as a purely military
activity involving a set of tactics or capabilities. In DOD With the adven
Joint Publication 3-13 and the JO Roadmap, JO consisted of cyberspace ope
five pillars: computer network operations (CNO), which doctrine in JP 3
include computer network attack, computer network
defense, and computer network exploitation; psychological The Secretary
operations (PSYOP); electronic warfare (EW); operations as the integra
security (OPSEC); and military deception (MILDEC). of information-
lines of operati
Computer network operations support JO with the decision ma
dissemination assets and the capabilities to deny or degrade adversaries wh
and adversary's ability to access, report, process, or shifts te focus
disseminate information. effects and how
information-rel
Psychological operations are central to JO. PSYOP has activity employ
been defined in DOD doctrine as planned political, environment th
economic, military, and ideological activities directed operationally d
towards foreign countries, organizations, and individuals in
order to create emotions, attitudes, understanding, beliefs, Strategic com
and behavior favorable to the achievement of United States civil affairs, an
and military objectives. supporting cap
throughout eac]
Electronic Warfare represents military action involving space, and cybc
the use of electromagnetic and directed energy (e.g., cyberspace suc
through radio, infrared, or radar) to control the jamming or b
electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. EW foreign aid pro
platforms provide a means of disseminating messages and Operations are
shaping the information environment through the electronic core activities,
dissemination of products.
Types of Info
Operations Security is a systematic method to identify, In common par
control, and protect critical information and analyze often used inter
friendly actions associated with military operations and However, disin
other activities. In an JO context, OPSEC is the protection informational t
of plans and messages prior to execution through the proper information ca
use of information security, information assurance, physical in some cases
security, and operations security. Different categ
include the foll
Military Deception involves actions that are executed to
deliberately mislead adversary military decisionmakers Propaganda:
about U.S. military capabilities, intentions, and operations. narrative tat is
Updated December 18, 2018
, which are intended to influence and
DEC is intended to deceive.
P became military information support
SO), to reflect a broader range of activities
Military Information Support Teams
SYOP personnel deployed at U.S. embassies
Publication 3-13.2 replaced the term
)perations with military information support
more accurately reflect and convey the
ed peacetime or combat operations
name change reportedly caused
confusion, and the services are beginning to
YOP label.
t of U.S. Cyber Command, CNO became
rations, offensive and defensive with its own
-12.
of Defense now characterizes IO in JP 3-13
ted employment, during military operations,
related capabilities in concert with other
on to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp
aking of adversaries and potential
ile protecting our own. This definition
from a set of tactics toward the desired
to achieve them. JP 3-13 defines
ated capability as a tool, technique, or
ed within a dimension of the information
at can be used to create effects and
esirable conditions.
unication, public diplomacy and public and
d cyberspace operations may be considered
abilities. These efforts may take place in and
h of the global domains of air, land, sea,
erspace, and in various forms unrelated to
h as dropping pamphlets, cultural exchanges,
adcasting targeted communications, and
grams. Military Information Support
one of Special Operations Forces' (SOF's)
but IO is not the exclusive purview of SOF.
rmation
lance, the term disinformation campaign is
changeably with information operations.
formation or deception is only one of the
ools that comprise an IW strategy; factual
n also be used to achieve strategic goals and
nore effectively than deceptive means.
ories of information that may be used in IO
owing:
[his means the propagation of an idea or
sintended to influence, similar to
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