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              Congressional                                                       ____
           R .fesearch Service






Iraq: Attacks and U.S. Strikes Reopen

Discussion of U.S. Military Presence



Updated February 16, 2024

Iran-backed armed groups attacked U.S. personnel in Iraq more than 60 times between the October 2023
onset of the Israel-Hamas war and February 4, 2024. In response, President Joe Biden has ordered U.S. air
strikes in Iraq and in neighboring Syria. Iraq's government, citing risks to Iraq's security from the attacks
and counter-strikes, says it seeks to end the presence in Iraq of the U.S.-led Global Coalition to Defeat the
Islamic State (IS, aka ISIS/ISIL) and to engage in bilateral discussions about the future of the U.S.
military presence. U.S.-Iraq talks announced by Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin have begun on the
evolution of the coalition mission and to enable the transition to an enduring bilateral security
partnership. After Iraq-coalition talks on February 11, an Iraqi military spokesman said, a timetable will
be formulated for a deliberate and gradual reduction, leading to the end of the mission of the international
coalition forces ... and the transition to a bilateral relationship, as long as peace is not disturbed.
In December 2023, President Biden cited the Iraqi government's invitation for U.S. forces and the
coalition to remain in Iraq in his semiannual comprehensive war powers report to Congress. That same
month, U.S. Central Command reported that approximately 2,400 U.S. military personnel were deployed
in Iraq and 800 in Syria. The U.S. military presence in Iraq and U.S. military access to Iraq's airspace and
land border with Syria facilitate U.S. military operations in Syria, where IS insurgents are more active
than in Iraq and U.S. partner forces secure prisons holding thousands of IS fighters.
In December 2023, Congress authorized U.S. counter-IS partnership programs in Iraq and Syria through
December  2024. Members of Congress may consider how potential changes to the U.S. and/or coalition
presence in Iraq may affect U.S. interests in the region; whether changes should be made to patterns of
U.S. assistance to Iraqi and Syrian partners; whether additional consultation with the executive branch or
oversight is warranted; and how attacks on U.S. personnel and U.S. strikes comport with the War Powers
Resolution and the 2001 and 2002 legislative authorizations for the use of military force.








                                                                 Congressional Research Service
                                                                   https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                                       IN12309

CRS INSIGHT
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