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1 1 (February 15, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveoiv0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service informing the iegsIlative debate since 1914 U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its renewed and expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through December 27, 2023, the United States committed more than $47 billion in security assistance to support Ukraine's efforts to defend itself against Russia's aggression, secure its borders, and improve interoperability with NATO, according to the U.S. Department of State. Of this amount, the Biden Administration has committed about $44.2 billion in security assistance since February 2022. FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages were mostly funded via $48.7 billion in supplemental appropriations. This amount included $25.93 billion to replenish U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA; 22 U.S.C. §2318); $18 billion for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI; P.L. 114-92, §1250); and $4.73 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for Ukraine and countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine. Another $300 million per year was provided for USAI in regular FY2022 and FY2023 appropriations and via FY2024 continuing appropriations. On February 13, 2024, the Senate passed the National Security Act, 2024 (H.R. 815, as amended), by a vote of 70- 29. If enacted, Division A of the act would provide approximately $60 billion for Ukraine-related activities out of $95.3 billion in total funding. This amount includes at least $13.4 billion to replenish DOD stocks that are to be transferred to Ukraine, $13.8 billion for USAI, and $1.6 billion in FMF for Ukraine and other affected countries. The act, like prior Ukraine supplemental appropriations, also would include funds for U.S. European Command operations and related support for the U.S. military. See CRS Insight IN12107, Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: A Summary. Overview of Prograrms Since 2014 The United States has used security assistance programs and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending accounts. Especially since 2021, the United States has been providing defense items to Ukraine via PDA, by which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S. stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in response to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has authorized 54 PDA drawdowns valued at $23.9 billion (Table 1). Most PDA packages since August 2023 have used previously authorized authority after a DOD review of PDA overvaluations restored up to $6.2 billion in FY2022 and FY2023 authority. Updated February 15, 2024 USAI and FMF procurement packages have included equipment, training, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine's defensive capabilities (see Table 2). Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building (10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military Education and Training, which has provided professional military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded security assistance has supported conventional weapons destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities. Table 1. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine, FY202 I -FY2024 (in millions of dollars) Month Announced Committed FY Authorized PDA # Value Authority 2021 Aug. I 60.0 60.0 Dec. 2 200.0 Feb. 3 350.0 Mar. 4, 5 1,000.0 Apr. 6, 7, 8 1,700.0 2022 May 9, 10 250.0 June 11, 12, 13 1,500.0 July 14, 15, 16 625.0 Aug. 17, 18, 19 2,325.0 Sept. 20,21 1,275.0 9,225.0 Oct. 22, 23, 24 1,625.0 Nov. 25, 26 800.0 Dec. 27, 28 1,275.0 Jan. 29, 30 5,350.0 Feb. 31, 32 875.0 Mar. 33, 34 750.0 2023 Apr. 35, 36 825.0 May 37, 38, 39 975.0 June 40, 41 825.0 July 42, 43 1,200.0 Aug. 44, 45 (450.0) Sept. 46, 47 128.0|(372.0) 14,628.0 Oct. 48, 49 (350.0) 2024 Nov. 50, 51 (225.0) Dec. 52, 53, 54 (625.0) Total: 23,913.0 Sources: Department of State and Department of Defense press releases through December 27, 2023. Note: Since August 2023, most PDA packages (in parentheses) have used previously authorized Presidential Drawdown Authority.

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