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1 1 (January 26, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveodd0001 and id is 1 raw text is: * Congressional ____ Sa Research Service Iraq: Attacks and U.S. Strikes Reopen Discussion of U.S. Military Presence January 26, 2024 Iran-backed armed groups have attacked U.S. personnel in Iraq more than fifty times since the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led attacks on Israel and the onset of the war in Gaza. In response President Joe Biden has ordered U.S. air strikes in Iraq and in neighboring Syria. Iraq's government, citing risks to Iraq's security from the attacks and counter-strikes, says it will seek to end the presence in Iraq of the U.S.-led Global Coalition to Defeat the Islamic State (IS, aka ISIS/ISIL) and to engage in bilateral discussions about the future of the U.S. military presence. On January 25, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin announced plans to start U.S.-Iraq talks on the evolution of the coalition mission and to enable the transition to an enduring bilateral security partnership. In December 2023, President Biden cited the Iraqi government's invitation for U.S. forces and the coalition to remain in Iraq in his semi-annual comprehensive war powers report to Congress. That same month, U.S. Central Command reported that approximately 2,400 U.S. military personnel were deployed in Iraq and 800 in Syria. The U.S. military presence in Iraq and U.S. military access to Iraq's airspace and land border with Syria facilitate U.S. military operations in Syria, where more active IS fighters and the detention by U.S. partner forces of thousands of IS fighters highlight ongoing risks posed by the group. In December 2023, Congress authorized U.S. counter-IS partnership programs in Iraq and Syria through December 2024. Members of Congress may consider how potential changes to the U.S. and/or coalition presence in Iraq may affect U.S. interests in the region; whether changes should be made to patterns of U.S. assistance to Iraqi and Syrian partners; whether additional consultation with the executive branch or oversight is warranted; and how attacks on U.S. personnel and U.S. strikes comport with the War Powers Resolution and the 2001 and 2002 legislative authorizations for the use of military force. Escalating Attacks and U.S. Strikes Follow Hamas-led Attacks on Israel and Onset of Gaza War Following the U.S. killing in Iraq of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC)-Qods Force commander Qassem Soleimani and an Iraqi security official (both U.S.-designated terrorists) in January 2020, Iraq's parliament voted to direct the Iraqi government to expel foreign forces and deny foreign access to Iraqi airspace, territory, and waters. Iraq's then-caretaker government did not do so, and its Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12309 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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