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1 1 (December 15, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govensh0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ a Research Service Law Enforcement Use of Artificial Intelligence and Directives in the 2023 Executive Order December 15, 2023 The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has expanded in a variety of arenas, including by law enforcement. Al has been broadly conceptualized as computerized systems operating in ways often thought to require human intelligence. It is defined in the U.S. Code (15 U.S.C. §9401(3)) as: a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations or decisions influencing real or virtual environments. Artificial intelligence systems use machine and human-based inputs to- (A) perceive real and virtual environments; (B) abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner; and (C) use model inference to formulate options for information or action. Al involves a host of technologies and applications. In the law enforcement realm, researchers note that while the use of Al is not yet widespread, existing tools may be enhanced with Al to expand law enforcement capabilities and increase their efficiency. Examples include the following: Automated license plate readers can be leveraged to employ machine, or computer, vision for capabilities such as automating the issuance of red-light violation tickets. Security cameras outfitted with certain AI-embedded hardware can be used for real-time facial recognition of potential suspects. Facial recognition technology and text analysis tools can be enhanced with Al to scan online advertisements to help identify potential crimes such as human trafficking. In addition to gunshot detection technology that can detect shots fired, security cameras can be outfitted with AI-enhanced software to detect weapons and alert police before shots are fired. Al redaction capabilities can be used to reduce possible bias in officers' narratives by removing certain identifying characteristics of suspects and victims-such as race-that could influence charges brought by prosecutors. Body-worn cameras can use Al software to redact or blur faces or sensitive footage before it is released to the public. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12289 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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