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1 1 (December 14, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govensc0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Con gres&onal Fes info rig I I~ live d ha 3rch Service since 1914 Updated December 14, 2023 Defense Primer: Cyberspace Operations Overview The Department of Defense (DOD) defines cyberspace as a global domain within the information environment (IE) consisting of the interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. Joint Publication (JP) 3-12, Joint Cyberspace Operations describes cyberspace operations as the employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace. The DOD Information Network (DODIN) is a global infrastructure carrying DOD, national security, and related intelligence community information and intelligence. Cyberspace operations are composed of the military, intelligence, and ordinary business operations of the DOD in and through cyberspace. Military cyberspace operations use cyberspace capabilities to create effects that support operations across the physical domains and cyberspace. Cyberspace operations are categorized into the following: Offensive Cyberspace Operations, intended to project power by the application of force in and through cyberspace. These operations are authorized like operations in the physical domains. Defensive Cyberspace Operations, to defend DOD or other friendly cyberspace. These are both passive and active defense operations and are conducted inside and outside of DODIN. DODIN Operations, to design, build, configure, secure, operate, maintain, and sustain DOD communications systems and networks across the entire DODIN. Cyber Strategy In March 2023, the White House released a national cybersecurity strategy consisting of five pillars: (1) defend critical infrastructure; (2) disrupt and dismantle threat actors; (3) shape market forces to drive security and resilience; (4) invest in a resilient future; and (5) forge international partnerships to pursue shared goals. In 2022, DOD issued a new, classified Cyber Strategy, superseding the unclassified 2018 DOD Cyber Strategy. The unclassified summary of the 2022 Strategy (released in 2023) maintains the previous strategy's emphasis on operations to defend forward, meaning to disrupt or halt malicious cyber activity at its source, including activity that falls below the level of armed conflict. Defending forward may involve an aggressive active defense, meaning activities designed to disrupt an adversary's network when hostile activity is suspected. Four complementary lines of effort are highlighted: to defend the nation; prepare to fight and win the nation's wars; protect the domain with allies and partners; and build enduring advantages in cyberspace. Cyber M sson Force DOD began to build a Cyber Mission Force (CMF) in 2012 to carry out DOD's cyber missions. The CMF consists of 133 teams that are organized to meet DOD's three cyber missions. Specifically, Cyber Mission Force teams support these mission sets though their respective assignments: Cyber National Mission Teams defend the nation by observing adversary activity, blocking attacks, and maneuvering in cyberspace to defeat them. Cyber Combat Mission Teams conduct military cyber operations in support of combatant commands. Cyber Protection Teams defend the DOD information networks, protect priority missions, and prepare cyber forces for combat. Cyber Support Teams provide analytic and planning support to National Mission and Combat Mission teams. CMF teams reached full operational capacity at over 6,200 individuals in May 2018. Organizationally, the Cyber Mission Force is an entity of the United States Cyber Command. United States Cyber Command In response to the growing cyber threat, in 2009 the Secretary of Defense directed the establishment of a new military command devoted to cyber activities. USCYBERCOM's stated mission is to to direct, synchronize, and coordinate cyberspace planning and operations to defend and advance national interests in collaboration with domestic and international partners. Elevated to a unified combatant command in May 2018, USCYBERCOM is commanded by a four-star general, who is also the director of the National Security Agency and chief of the Central Security Service. The commander manages day-to-day global cyberspace operations and leads defense and protection of DODIN. Each of the military services provides support to USCYBERCOM.

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