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1 1 (October 5, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govencb0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service Infrmring the legislitive debate since 1914 U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine Updated October 5, 2023 The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its renewed and expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through October 5, 2023, the United States has committed more than $46.7 billion in security assistance to help Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its borders, and improve interoperability with NATO, according to the State Department. Of this amount, the Biden Administration has committed more than $43.9 billion in security assistance since February 2022. FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages were mostly funded via $48.7 billion in supplemental appropriations. This amount included $25.93 billion to replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority; $18 billion for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI; P.L. 114-92, §1250); and $4.73 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for Ukraine and countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine. Another $300 million per year was provided for USAI in regular FY2022 and FY2023 appropriations. On August 10, 2023, the Administration submitted to Congress a request for nearly $24 billion in FY2024 supplemental funding for Ukraine and other international needs. The request includes $10.5 billion in security assistance to Ukraine and other countries affected by the war, including $4.5 billion to replenish DOD stocks, $5 billion for USAI, and $1 billion in FMF. Prior supplemental appropriations included funds for U.S. European Command operations and related support for the U.S. military. See CRS Insight IN12107, Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: A Summary. Overview of Programs Since 2014 The United States has used security assistance programs and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending accounts. Especially since 2021, the United States has been providing defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S. stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in response to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has authorized 47 drawdowns initially valued at nearly $25 billion (Table 1). Recently, the PDA packages underwent a revaluation, which restored $6.2 billion that the State Department said may be used to fulfill future PDA packages. On October 3, 2023, DOD confirmed that $5.4 billion remained available in PDA authority. USAI and FMF procurement packages have included equipment, training, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine's defensive capabilities (see Table 2). Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building (10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military Education and Training, which has provided professional military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded security assistance has supported conventional weapons destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities. Table 1. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine, FY202 I -FY2023 (in millions of dollars) FY Auth. PDA # Value 2021 Aug. I 60.0 Dec. 2 200.0 Feb. 3 350.0 Mar. 4, 5 1,000.0 Apr. 6, 7, 8 1,700.0 2022 May 9, 10 250.0 June 11, 12, 13 1,500.0 July 14, 15, 16 625.0 Aug. 17, 18, 19 2,325.0 Sept. 20, 21 1,275.0 Oct. 22, 23, 24 1,625.0 Nov. 25, 26 800.0 Dec. 27, 28 1,275.0 Jan. 29, 30 5,350.0 Feb. 31, 32 875.0 Mar. 33, 34 750.0 2023 Apr. 35, 36 825.0 May 37, 38, 39 975.0 June 40, 41 825.0 July 42, 43 1,200.0 Aug. 44, 45 450.0 Sept. 46, 47 500.0 Total: 24,735.0 Sources: Department of State and Department of Defense press releases through October 5, 2023. Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine, established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard, together with military trainers from U.S. allies, provided training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF before the war. This training mission was suspended at the outset of Russia's invasion. Subsequently, DOD and U.S. allies resumed training Ukrainian personnel, outside Ukraine, both to operate weapon systems and at the collective unit level. Separately, U.S. Special Operations Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces.

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