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1 1 (June 15, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govelza0001 and id is 1 raw text is: U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine Updated June 15, 2023 The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its renewed and expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through February 27, 2023, the United States has committed more than $42 billion in security assistance to help Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its borders, and improve interoperability with NATO. Of this amount, the Biden Administration has committed more than $40 billion in security assistance since the start of the 2022 war. FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages are mostly being funded via $48.7 billion in supplemental appropriations. This amount includes $25.93 billion to replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority; $18 billion for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI; P.L. 114-92, §1250); and $4.73 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for Ukraine and countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine. Supplemental appropriations also include funds for U.S. European Command operations and related support for the U.S. military. For more, see CRS Insight IN12107, Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: A Summary. Overvkw of Programs Since 2014 The United States has used a variety of security assistance programs and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending accounts. Especially since 2021, the United States has been providing defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S. stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in response to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has authorized 40 drawdowns valued at $22.1 billion (Table 1). USAI and FMF procurement packages have included training, equipment, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine's defensive capabilities (see Table 2). FY2022 appropriations also directed that USAI funds be provided for logistics support, supplies, and services; salaries and stipends; sustainment; weapons replacement; and intelligence support. Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building (10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military Education and Training, which has provided professional military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded security assistance has supported conventional weapons destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities. Table I. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine, FY202 I -FY2023 (in millions of dollars) # Authorized Value # Authorized Value 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 I5 16 17 18 19 20 Aug. 27, 2021 Dec. 28, 2021 Feb. 25, 2022 Mar. 12, 2022 Mar. 16, 2022 Apr. 5, 2022 Apr. 13, 2022 Apr. 21, 2022 May 6, 2022 May 19, 2022 June 1, 2022 June 15, 2022 June 23, 2022 July 1, 2022 July 8, 2022 July 22, 2022 Aug. 1, 2022 Aug. 8, 2022 Aug. 19, 2022 Sept. 8, 2022 60.0 200.0 350.0 200.0 800.0 100.0 800.0 800.0 150.0 100.0 700.0 350.0 450.0 50.0 400.0 175.0 550.0 1,000.0 775.0 675.0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Sept. I5, 2022 Oct. 4, 2022 Oct. 14, 2022 Oct. 28, 2022 Nov. 10, 2022 Nov. 23, 2022 Dec. 9, 2022 Dec. 21, 2022 Jan. 6, 2023 Jan. 19, 2023 Feb. 3, 2023 Feb. 20, 2023 Mar. 3, 2023 Mar. 20, 2023 Apr. 4, 2023 Apr. 19, 2023 May 3, 2023 May 21, 2023 May 31, 2023 June 13, 2023 Total 600.0 625.0 725.0 275.0 400.0 400.0 275.0 1,000.0 2,850.0 2,500.0 425.0 460.0 400.0 350.0 500.0 325.0 300.0 375.0 300.0 325.0 22,095.0 Sources: Department of State and Department of Defense press releases through June 14, 2023. Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine, established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard, together with military trainers from U.S. allies, provided training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF before the war. This training mission was suspended at the outset of Russia's invasion. In April 2022, DOD announced it would resume training Ukrainian personnel, outside Ukraine, both to operate weapon systems and at the collective unit level. Separately, U.S. Special Operations Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces. Provision of Defense Equipment After Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security assistance. In 2017, the Trump Administration announced U.S. readiness to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine. According to DOD, USAI packages prior to FY2022 provided sniper rifles, rocket-propelled grenade launchers, counter-artillery radars, Mark VI patrol boats, electronic warfare detection and secure communications, satellite imagery and analysis capability, counter-unmanned aerial systems (UAS), air surveillance systems, night vision devices, and equipment to support military medical treatment and combat evacuation procedures.

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