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              Congressional                                                    ____
            aResearch Service






Changes to IRS Funding in the Debt Limit

Deal



Updated June 6, 2023

President Joseph Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy brokered a deal that would reduce federal
spending in FY2024 and FY2025 and raise the statutory debt limit through January 2025. P.L. 118-5, the
Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, enacts many of the components of the deal between the President and
the Speaker. President Biden signed the bill into law on June 3, 2023. If lawmakers had not raised the
statutory debt limit by June 5, 2023, according to Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, the debt limit would
bind and the Treasury would have legal authority only to expend as much as it collects in revenue. Among
the cuts to federal spending this deal makes are reductions in federal outlays for the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS).


Background


Normal IRS Appropriations

Congress funds the IRS through annual appropriations for four primary categories of spending:
    1. Enforcement ($5.4 billion in FY2023), which refers to enforcing the tax code;
    2. Operations support ($4.1 billion in FY2023), which refers to the agency's ordinary
       operating expenses (including information systems);
    3. Taxpayer services ($2.8 billion in FY2023), which refers to efforts to help taxpayers
       voluntarily pay their tax burdens in a timely fashion and resolve taxpayer issues; and
    4. Business system modernization ($0 in FY2023), which refers to the ongoing effort to
       update the IRS's legacy information technology systems.

IRS-Related Funds in the Inflation Reduction Act

Congress provided the IRS with $78.9 billion in mandatory funding from FY2022 to FY2031 in P.L. 117-
169, commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act. The law dedicated $45.6 billion of that amount
to enforcement, $25.3 billion to operations support, $3.2 billion to taxpayer services, and $4.8 billion to

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