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1 1 (May 12, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govelpk0001 and id is 1 raw text is: ii fo rn r sWonal Res ar I, SerVc ~otvLavIativedeba~ 0 Updated May 12, 2023 Defense Primer: Intelligence Support to Military Operations Nine of 18 total statutory elements of the Intelligence Community reside within the Department of Defense (DOD). This includes the National Security Agency (NSA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency (NGA), and the intelligence components of the military services. Non-DOD intelligence community elements, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), also provide support to the military. Integrated intelligence community support of the military includes strategic, operational, and tactical intelligence activities, products and services necessary for military strategy, planning, and operations. The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) serves as community manager for the intelligence community and the principal intelligence advisor to the President. The core mission of the DNI is to ensure the integration of intelligence activities across the elements of the intelligence community. The Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence and Security) (USD(I&S)) manages the DOD intelligence elements. This position is dual-hatted. When acting as the USD(I&S), the incumbent reports directly to the Secretary of Defense and serves as the Secretary's principal staff assistant on intelligence, counterintelligence, security, and other intelligence-related matters. When acting as Director of Defense Intelligence (DDI), the incumbent reports directly to the DNI and serves as principal advisor on defense intelligence matters. Together, the DNI and USD(I&S) coordinate a number of interagency activities designed to facilitate the integration of national and tactical- level intelligence. The lntellgence Process for Supporting M ilitary Operations The intelligence community supports the entire spectrum of DOD missions, from peacetime to combat operations. Joint Publication 2-0, Joint Intelligence, (or, JP 2-0, the publication of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that provides definitive guidance on intelligence support for military operations) notes that the intelligence process for supporting joint (i.e., multi-service, integrated) military operations consists of six interrelated categories of intelligence operations, all aimed at providing commanders and national-level decision-makers with relevant and timely intelligence. These categories include planning and direction; collection, processing and exploitation; analysis and production; dissemination and integration; and evaluation and feedback. Intelligence professionals participate in the planning and decision-making processes to align intelligence resources with operational objectives effectively. Collection management ensures the appropriate collection resources are tasked to address specific intelligence requirements pertaining to operational objectives. Because the operational environment is dynamic, the intelligence process is iterative: each category or phase of the process is ongoing and complements the other phases for the duration of the military operation or campaign. Intelligence Roles and Responsitilities Table 1 summarizes the roles and responsibilities of joint intelligence to assist commanders in deciding which forces to deploy, when, how, and where to deploy them, and how to employ them in a manner that accomplishes a specific mission consistent with the commander's priorities. Table I. Roles and Responsibilities of Joint Intelligence Source: Joint Publication 2-0, joint Intelligence, p. 1-5. According to JP 2-0, intelligence should support a commander's planning, execution, and assessment of the impact of military operations. It should, therefore, include a comprehensive analysis of the threat and relevant aspects of the operating environment in assessments enabling the commander to create and exploit opportunities to accomplish friendly force objectives. In describing the operational environment, JP 2-0 specifies that intelligence should identify for the commander associated issues such as the political context; governance; leadership intentions; military capabilities and tactics; communications and critical infrastructure; economy; terrain; weather; cultural considerations; social stability; and health conditions. Intelligence should also provide military planners clearly defined, achievable, and measurable objectives that meet the commander's intent. Changes to the threat and the operational environment require intelligence professionals to continuously review their objectives to determine whether they remain relevant. To counter an adversary's deception efforts, JP 2-0 specifies that intelligence should confirm previous analysis using multiple analytical methods and processes. This may include multiple methods to confirm, for example, an

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