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Updated February 27, 2023

U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine

The United States has been a leading provider of security
assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its
renewed and expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24,
2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine,
through February 27, 2023, the United States has
committed about $34 billion in security assistance to help
Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its borders,
and improve interoperability with NATO. Of this amount,
the Biden Administration has committed more than $31.7
billion in security assistance since the start of the 2022 war.
FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages are
mostly being funded via $48.7 billion in supplemental
appropriations. This amount includes $25.93 billion to
replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks
sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority; $18
billion for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative
(USAI; P.L. 114-92, §1250); and $4.73 billion in Foreign
Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for Ukraine
and countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine.
Supplemental appropriations also include funds for U.S.
European Command operations and related support for the
U.S. military. For more, see CRS Insight IN12107,
Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine:
A Summary.
Overview of Programs Shice 20 4
The United States has used a variety of security assistance
programs and authorities to help build the defensive
capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through
train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending
accounts.
Especially since 2021, the United States has been providing
defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown
Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the
immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S.
stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in response
to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)).
Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has
authorized 32 drawdowns valued at $19.2 billion (Table 1).
USAI and FMF packages have included training,
equipment, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine's
defensive capabilities (see Table 2). FY2022 appropriations
also directed that USAI funds be provided for logistics
support, supplies, and services; salaries and stipends;
sustainment; weapons replacement; and intelligence
support.
Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's
security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner
Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building
(10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military
Education and Training, which has provided professional
military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian
military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded
security assistance has supported conventional weapons

destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and
counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities.
Table I. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine,
FY202 I -FY2023
(in millions of dollars)
#    Authorized   Value    #   Authorized     Value
I    Aug. 27, 2021    60.0 17 Aug. 1, 2022        550.0
2    Dec. 28, 2021   200.0 18 Aug. 8, 2022       1,000.0
3    Feb. 25, 2022   350.0 19 Aug. 19, 2022       775.0
4    Mar. 12, 2022   200.0 20 Sept. 8, 2022        675.0
5    Mar. 16, 2022   800.0 21 Sept. I5, 2022      600.0
6    Apr. 5, 2022    100.0 22 Oct. 4, 2022        625.0
7    Apr. 13, 2022   800.0 23 Oct. 14, 2022       725.0
8    Apr. 21, 2022   800.0 24   Oct. 28, 2022     275.0
9    May 6, 2022      150.0 25 Nov. 10, 2022      400.0
10   May 19, 2022    100.0 26 Nov. 23, 2022       400.0
II  June 1, 2022     700.0 27 Dec. 9, 2022        275.0
12  June 15, 2022    350.0 28  Dec. 21, 2022     1,000.0
13  June 23, 2022    450.0 29 Jan. 6, 2023       2,850.0
14  July 1, 2022      50.0 30 Jan. 19, 2023      2,500.0
I5  July 8, 2022     400.0 31  Feb. 3, 2023       425.0
16  July 22, 2022    175.0 32  Feb. 20, 2023      460.0
Total    19,220.0
Sources: Department of State and Department of Defense press
releases through February 27, 2023.
Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine,
established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard,
together with military trainers from U.S. allies, provided
training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF
before the war. This training mission was suspended at the
outset of Russia's invasion. In April 2022, DOD announced
it would resume training Ukrainian personnel, outside
Ukraine, both to operate weapon systems and at the
collective unit level. Separately, U.S. Special Operations
Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces.
Provision of Defense Equipment
After Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama
Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security
assistance, including body armor, helmets, vehicles, night
and thermal vision devices, heavy engineering equipment,
advanced radios, patrol boats, rations, tents, counter-mortar
radars, uniforms, medical kits, and other related items. In
2017, the Trump Administration announced U.S. readiness
to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine.
According to DOD, USAI packages prior to FY2022
provided sniper rifles, rocket-propelled grenade launchers,
counter-artillery radars, Mark VI patrol boats, electronic
warfare detection and secure communications, satellite
imagery and analysis capability, counter-unmanned aerial
systems (UAS), air surveillance systems, night vision
devices, and equipment to support military medical
treatment and combat evacuation procedures.

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