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1 1 (January 26, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekjo0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congrssina Research Service Informing th legisIlive deAme sinceo 1914 U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its renewed and expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through January 25, 2023, the United States has committed more than $29.9 billion in security assistance to help Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its borders, and improve interoperability with NATO. Of this amount, the Biden Administration has committed more than $27.1 billion in security assistance since the start of the 2022 war. FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages are mostly being funded via $48.7 billion in supplemental appropriations. This amount includes $25.93 billion to replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority; $18 billion for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI; P.L. 114-92, §1250); and $4.73 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for Ukraine and countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine. Supplemental appropriations also include funds for U.S. European Command operations and related support for the U.S. military. Overview of Programs Since 20 4 The United States has used a variety of security assistance programs and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending accounts. Especially since 2021, the United States has been providing defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S. stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in response to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has authorized 30 drawdowns valued at $18.3 billion (Table 1). USAI and FMF packages have included training, equipment, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine's defensive capabilities (see Table 2). FY2022 appropriations also directed that USAI funds be provided for logistics support, supplies, and services; salaries and stipends; sustainment; weapons replacement; and intelligence support. Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building (10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military Education and Training, which has provided professional military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded security assistance has supported conventional weapons Updated January 26, 2023 destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities. Table I. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine, FY202 I -FY2023 (in millions of dollars) # Authorized Value # Authorized Value I Aug. 27, 2021 60.0 16 July 22, 2022 175.0 2 Dec. 28, 2021 200.0 17 Aug. 1, 2022 550.0 3 Feb. 25, 2022 350.0 18 Aug. 8, 2022 1,000.0 4 Mar. 12, 2022 200.0 19 Aug. 19, 2022 775.0 5 Mar. 16, 2022 800.0 20 Sept. 8, 2022 675.0 6 Apr. 5, 2022 100.0 21 Sept. 15, 2022 600.0 7 Apr. 13, 2022 800.0 22 Oct. 4, 2022 625.0 8 Apr. 21, 2022 800.0 23 Oct. 14, 2022 725.0 9 May 6, 2022 150.0 24 Oct. 28, 2022 275.0 10 May 19, 2022 100.0 25 Nov. 10, 2022 400.0 II June 1, 2022 700.0 26 Nov. 23, 2022 400.0 12 June 15, 2022 350.0 27 Dec. 9, 2022 275.0 13 June 23, 2022 450.0 28 Dec. 21, 2022 1,000.0 14 July 1, 2022 50.0 29 Jan. 6, 2023 2,850.0 15 July 8, 2022 400.0 30 Jan. 19, 2023 2,500.0 Total 18,335.0 Sources: Department of State and Department of Defense press releases through January 19, 2023. Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine, established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard, together with military trainers from U.S. allies, provided training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF before the war. This training mission was suspended at the outset of Russia's invasion. In April 2022, DOD announced it would resume training Ukrainian personnel, outside Ukraine, specifically to operate U.S. and allied systems. Separately, U.S. Special Operations Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces. Provision of Defense Equipment After Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security assistance, such as body armor, helmets, vehicles, night and thermal vision devices, heavy engineering equipment, advanced radios, patrol boats, rations, tents, counter-mortar radars, uniforms, medical kits, and other related items. In 2017, the Trump Administration announced U.S. readiness to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine. According to DOD, USAI packages prior to FY2022 provided sniper rifles, rocket-propelled grenade launchers, counter-artillery radars, Mark VI patrol boats, electronic warfare detection and secure communications, satellite imagery and analysis capability, counter-unmanned aerial systems (UAS), air surveillance systems, night vision devices, and equipment to support military medical treatment and combat evacuation procedures.

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