About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline

1 1 (January 20, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekhz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: SCongressional Research Service
nforming 1h legisIative debate since 1914
Defense Primer: Procurement

Updated January 20, 2023

Background
While procurement implies a process of obtaining goods or
services, the word also refers to a specific title and
associated accounts within the annual National Defense
Authorization Act (NDAA) and Department of Defense
Appropriations Act.
Appropriations for Procurement
The Department of Defense (DOD) procurement
appropriations title provides funds for non-construction-
related investment costs-the costs to acquire capital assets,
such as an F-35 Joint Strike Fighter aircraft or a Virginia-
class submarine. Investment costs are distinguished from
expenses-the costs of resources consumed in operating the
department, such as food and fuel. DOD uses procurement
appropriations to obtain various categories of materiel,
including:
 new military hardware (e.g., aircraft, ships,
armored vehicles, radios, and satellites);
 upgrades to existing equipment, including service
life extension or remanufacturing programs;
 weapons and ammunition (e.g., air-to-air missiles
and rifle rounds); and
 spares and repair parts.
Procurement funding provided to the department in a given
fiscal year can usually be obligated over a period of three
years. The most prominent exception is Navy Shipbuilding
and Conversion funding, which is available for five years.
The Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2023
(Division C of H.R. 2617) provided $162.2 billion for
procurement accounts (see Table 1).
NDAA and Defense Appropriations
CRS In Focus IF 10516, Defense Primer: Navigating the NDAA
CRS In Focus IF 10515, Defense Primer: The NDAA Process
CRS In Focus IF 10514, Defense Primer: Defense Appropriations
Process
How is DOD Procurerment Funded?
In general, Congress appropriates money for defense
procurement under a policy of full funding, which requires
funding the entire procurement cost of end-items (e.g.,
AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles or KC-46A refueling tankers)
in one fiscal year. In other words, the total funding

necessary to acquire a useable end-item is approved by
Congress in a single fiscal year, even though related work
may span many years.
Table 1. Funding for DOD Procurement Accounts in
the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2023
Account (Acronym)                  (billions)
Aircraft Procurement, Army (APA)                   $3.8
Missile Procurement, Army (MIPA)                   $3.8
Procurement of Weapons and Tracked Combat          $4.5
Vehicles, Army (WTCV)
Procurement of Ammunition, Army (PAA)              $2.8
Other Procurement, Army (OPA)                      $8.7
Aircraft Procurement, Navy (APN)                  $19.0
Weapons Procurement, Navy (WPN)                    $4.8
Procurement of Ammunition, Navy and Marine         $0.9
Corps (PANMC)
Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy (SCN)           $32.0
Other Procurement, Navy (OPN)                     $12.1
Procurement, Marine Corps (PMC)                    $3.7
Aircraft Procurement, Air Force (APAF)            $22.2
Missile Procurement, Air Force (MPAF)              $3.0
Procurement of Ammunition, Air Force (PAAF)        $0.9
Other Procurement, Air Force (OPAF)               $28.0
Procurement, Space Force (PSF)                     $4.5
Procurement, Defense-Wide (PDW)                    $6.1
Defense Production Act Purchases                   $0.4
National Guard and Reserve Equipment               $1.0
TOTAL                                            $162.2
Source: CRS analysis of Department of Defense Appropriations Act,
2023 (Division C of H.R. 2617) and accompanying explanatory
statement.
Note: Totals do not include emergency funding provided in the
Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division
M) or Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023
(Division N) of the legislation.

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

profiles profiles most