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1 1 (January 17, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekhe0001 and id is 1 raw text is: D Congressional Research Service hnorming I eghIsati'e debatesincel1914 Defense Primer: Reserve Forces Updated January 17, 2023 The term reserve component (RC) refers collectively to the seven individual reserve components of the Armed Forces. Congress exercises authority over the reserve components under its constitutional authority to raise and support Armies, to provide and maintain a Navy, and to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia. (Article I, Section 8) There are seven reserve components: * Army National Guard * Army Reserve * Navy Reserve * Marine Corps Reserve * Air National Guard * Air Force Reserve * Coast Guard Reserve The purpose of these seven reserve components, as codified in law, is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components. (10 U.S.C. §10102) The Army National Guard and the Air National Guard also have an important role under state authority, responding to various emergencies such as disasters and civil disorders. Difference between Federal Reserves and National Guard The Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, Air Force Reserve, and Coast Guard Reserve are exclusively federal organizations. There are 54 separate National Guard organizations: one for each state, and one each for Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia. While the District of Columbia National Guard is an exclusively federal organization and operates under federal control at all times, the other 53 National Guards operate as state or territorial organizations most of the time. In this capacity, each of these organizations is identified by its state or territorial name (e.g., the California National Guard or the Puerto Rico National Guard) and is controlled by its respective governor. National Guard units and personnel can be ordered into federal service. When this happens, control passes from the governor of the affected units and personnel to the President of the United States. Reserve Categories All reservists, whether they are in the Reserves or the National Guard, are assigned to one of three major reserve categories: the Ready Reserve, the Standby Reserve, or the Retired Reserve. Ready Reserve The Ready Reserve is the primary manpower pool of the reserve components. Members of the Ready Reserve will usually be called to active duty before members of the Standby Reserve or the Retired Reserve. The Ready Reserve is made up of three subcomponents: * The Selected Reserve contains those units and individuals within the Ready Reserve designated as so essential to initial wartime missions that they have priority over all other Reserves. (DOD Instruction 1215.06.) Members of the Selected Reserve are generally required to perform one weekend of training each month and two weeks of training each year, although some may train more than this. When reservists are activated, they most frequently come from this category. * The Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) is a manpower pool of individuals who have already received military training, either in the Active Component or in the Selected Reserve. They are not normally required to perform training, but can be ordered to active duty under certain circumstances. * The Inactive National Guard (ING) is made up of those members of the Army National Guard who are in an inactive status (currently there is no ING for the Air National Guard). The ING is, for practical purposes, the National Guard equivalent of the IRR. There are just under one million members of the Ready Reserve. This figure is broken down by service and subcategory in Table 1. Standby Reserve The Standby Reserve contains those individuals who have a temporary disability or hardship and those who hold key positions in their civilian jobs. They are not required to participate in military training and may only be ordered to active duty in limited circumstances. There are about 5,200 members of the Standby Reserve.

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