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1 1 (November 21, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejls0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ ~ Research Service Brazil's October 2022 Presidential Election Updated November 21, 2022 Brazil, the world's 7th most populous country and 12th largest economy, held a presidential runoff election on October 30, 2022. Former President Luiz Inicio Lula da Silva (Lula, 2003-2010) of the center-left Workers' Party (PT) defeated incumbent President Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022) of the center-right Liberal Party, 50.9% to 49.1%. Bolsonaro, who repeatedly questioned the electoral system's integrity in the lead- up to the vote, has not contested the results, and his administration is cooperating with the transition. In September 2022, the U.S. Senate adopted a resolution (S.Res. 753) urging the Brazilian government to ensure free, fair, credible, transparent, and peaceful elections. As President-elect Lula prepares to take office on January 1, 2023, Congress may continue to monitor the Biden Administration's policy toward Brazil and assess the potential implications of the change in government for U.S-Brazilian relations. Electoral Context Bolsonaro's defeat was the first for an incumbent Brazilian president since the restoration of democracy in 1985. However, it was the 16th consecutive loss for incumbent political parties in democratic presidential elections in Latin America since 2018. Like leaders throughout the region, Bolsonaro faced voter discontent over weak economic growth and income losses resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. His polarizing approach to governance and widely criticized public health response to the pandemic further weakened his appeal. Nevertheless, Bolsonaro nearly secured reelection by rallying his conservative base and recovering some popular support in the final months of the campaign as the Brazilian government increased cash transfers to low-income Brazilians, unemployment fell to a seven-year low, and real wages began to rise. The election marks a political comeback for Lula, who was convicted on corruption charges in 2017 and imprisoned for 19 months. He was cleared to run for office again in 2021 after the Brazilian supreme court annulled those convictions and ruled that the judge presiding over the case for which Lula had been imprisoned had acted with bias. Anti-PT sentiment remains widespread in Brazil, particularly among evangelical Christians and those whose living standards stagnated or declined during the PT-led administration of President Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). Lula won over a majority of voters, however, by pledging to restore the upward social mobility that characterized his first two terms and by assembling a broad coalition of Brazilians from across the ideological spectrum who viewed Bolsonaro as a threat to democracy. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12022 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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