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1 1 (October 13, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejds0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Servie Informing the legislative debate since 1914 Updated October 13, 2022 Defense Primer: United States Transportation Command United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM or TRANSCOM) is a Department of Defense (DOD) combatant command responsible for providing air, land, and sea transportation across the globe to meet national security needs. History and Role Established in 1987, TRANSCOM is headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, IL. TRANSCOM is the U.S. military's primary logistics command, conducting global mobility operations, enabling joint force projection and sustainment, and functioning as the lead DOD element for transportation, global patient movement, and bulk fuel management and delivery. Historically, TRANSCOM has provided strategic mobility in support of several major contingency operations, including Operation Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The command has also played a central role in emergency operations, including the 2021 Afghanistan noncombatant evacuation operation, and security assistance efforts, including the provision of materiel to Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion. Activities and Resources TRANSCOM uses a mix of military assets, U.S. commercial transportation providers, and foreign partnerships to move DOD personnel and materiel across the globe (see Figure 1). TRANSCOM is also responsible for shipping personal property to support permanent change of station moves for approximately 430,000 servicemembers annually. The command reports that, on any given day, it manages 1,730 ground shipments, 33 ships in transit, 455 airlift sorties, and 14 aeromedical evacuations. Figure I. Selected TRANSCOM Activities In calendar year 2021, TRANSCOM moved: S P onnel ipons of cargo Source: CRS graphic based on analysis of TRANSCOM data. TRANSCOM's workforce is approximately 73% military and 27% civilian, with a reported combined end strength of 16,682 for fiscal year (FY) 2021. TRANSCOM finances most of its activities through the Transportation Working Capital Fund (TWCF), a defense working capital fund (for more information, see CRS In Focus IF11233, Defense Primer: Defense Working Capital Funds). The TWCF allows TRANSCOM to conduct activities with minimal need for annual appropriations: instead, DOD components and other federal agencies place orders for transportation services, paying into the TWCF out of their own appropriated funds. In FY2023, TRANSCOM anticipates spending approximately $8.1 billion out of the TWCF. Organization TRANSCOM is comprised of a headquarters element, three Transportation Component Commands (TCCs) assigned from the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and two joint subordinate commands (see Figure 2). Figure 2. TRANSCOM Organizational Chart TRANSCOM C obe Co and mmub nte Source: CRS graphic based on analysis of TRANSCOM data Transportation CoMrpon ent Commands Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC). SDDC is the TRANSCOM Army component responsible for surface transportation. Headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, IL, SDDC uses DOD capabilities and commercial partnerships to move equipment and personnel by rail, road, and waterway. SDDC also provides ocean terminal services, traffic management, and transportation engineering globally. SDDC is also a major subordinate command to Army Materiel Command. Military Sealift Command (MSC). MSC is the TRANSCOM Navy component responsible for sealift and ocean transportation, providing logistics support, moving U

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