About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

1 1 (October 21, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejcj0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service Informing the IegisIative debate since 1914 U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its renewed and expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through October 14, 2022, the United States has provided more than $20.3 billion in security assistance to help Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its borders, and improve interoperability with NATO. Of this amount, the Biden Administration has committed about $17.6 billion in security assistance since the start of the 2022 war. FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages are mostly being funded via almost $28 billion in supplemental appropriations (P.L. 117-103, Div. N; P.L. 117-128; and P.L. 117-180, Div. B). FY2022 and FY2023 appropriations include a total of $14.05 billion to replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority; $9.3 billion for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI; P.L. 114-92, § 1250); and $4.65 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for Ukraine and countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine. Supplemental appropriations also have included funds for U.S. European Command operations and related support for the U.S. military. Overview of Programns Since 2014 The United States has used a variety of security assistance programs and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending accounts. Especially since 2021, the United States has been providing defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S. stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in response to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has authorized 23 drawdowns valued at $10.6 billion (Table 1). USAI and FMF packages have included training, equipment, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine's defensive capabilities (see Table 2). FY2022 appropriations also directed that USAI funds be provided for logistics support, supplies, and services; salaries and stipends; sustainment; weapons replacement; and intelligence support. Prior to FY2022, a portion of annual USAI funds was contingent on DOD and the Department of State certifying Ukraine's progress on key defense reforms. Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building (10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military Education and Training, which has provided professional military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded Updated October 21, 2022 security assistance has supported conventional weapons destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities. Table 1. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine, FY2021-FY2023 (in millions of dollars) # Authorized Value # Authorized Value I Aug 27, 2021 60.0 13 June 23, 2022 450.0 2 Dec 28, 2021 200.0 14 July 1, 2022 50.0 3 Feb 25, 2022 350.0 15 July 8, 2022 400.0 4 Mar 12, 2022 200.0 16 July 22, 2022 175.0 5 Mar 16, 2022 800.0 17 Aug 1, 2022 550.0 6 Apr 5, 2022 100.0 18 Aug 8, 2022 1,000.0 7 Apr 13, 2022 800.0 19 Aug 19, 2022 775.0 8 Apr 21, 2022 800.0 20 Sep 8, 2022 675.0 9 May 6, 2022 150.0 21 Sep I5, 2022 600.0 10 May 19, 2022 100.0 22 Oct 4, 2022 625.0 II June I, 2022 700.0 23 Oct 14, 2022 725.0 12 June 15, 2022 350.0 Total 10,635.0 Sources: Department of State and Department of Defense. Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine, established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard, together with military trainers from U.S. allies, provided training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF before the war. This training mission was suspended at the outset of Russia's invasion. In April 2022, DOD announced it would resume training Ukrainian personnel, outside Ukraine, specifically to operate U.S. and allied systems. Separately, U.S. Special Operations Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces. Provision of Defense Equ pment After Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security assistance, such as body armor, helmets, vehicles, night and thermal vision devices, heavy engineering equipment, advanced radios, patrol boats, rations, tents, counter-mortar radars, uniforms, medical kits, and other related items. In 2017, the Trump Administration announced U.S. willingness to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine. Since 2018, Ukraine has used FMF, as well as some of its national funds, to procure U.S. defense equipment, including Javelin anti-armor missiles and Mark VI patrol boats purchased through the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) system. Ukraine also has used a combination of FMF and national funds to refurbish former U.S. Coast Guard Island- class patrol boats provided through the Excess Defense Articles (EDA; 22 U.S.C. §2321j) program. In addition, Ukraine has purchased firearms; ammunition; ordnance;

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Contact Us

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most