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1 1 (August 29, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/goveiqg0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service Informing helegisIlive deAme sinceo 1914 U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine Updated August 29, 2022 The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, both before and after Russia renewed its invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through August 24, 2022, the United States has provided more than $15.5 billion in security assistance to help Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its borders, and improve interoperability with NATO. Since the start of the 2022 war, the Biden Administration has committed about $12.9 billion in security assistance to provide Ukraine the equipment it needs to defend itself. FY2022 security assistance packages are being funded via more than $23 billion in regular and supplemental appropriations, including the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103, Division N), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-128). In total, FY2022 appropriations include $12.55 billion to replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority; $6.3 billion for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI); and $4.65 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF) for Ukraine and countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine. FY2022 supplemental appropriations also have included funds for additional U.S. troop deployments to Europe. Overview of Programs Since 2014 The United States has used a variety of security assistance programs and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending accounts. Prior to the 2022 war, the two primary accounts were the State Department's FMF (22 U.S.C. §2763) and DOD's USAI (P.L. 114-92, §1250) (see Table 2). USAI packages have included training, equipment, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine's defensive capabilities. FY2022 appropriations also directed that USAI funds be provided for logistics support, supplies, and services; salaries and stipends; sustainment; weapons replacement; and intelligence support. Prior to FY2022, a portion of annual USAI funds was contingent on DOD and State certifying Ukraine's progress on key defense reforms. The United States also has been providing defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S. stocks without congressional approval in response to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has authorized 19 drawdowns valued at over $8 billion (see Table 1). Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building (10 U.S.C. §332), and International Military Education and Training (IMET), which has provided professional military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded security assistance has supported conventional weapons destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and counter- weapons of mass destruction capabilities. Table 1. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine, FY2021 -FY2022 # Date Authorized I August 27, 2021 2 December 28, 2021 3 February 25, 2022 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I I 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total March 12, 2022 March 16, 2022 April 5, 2022 April 13, 2022 April 21, 2022 May 6, 2022 May 19, 2022 June 1, 2022 June 15, 2022 June 23, 2022 July 1, 2022 July 8, 2022 July 22, 2022 August 1, 2022 August 8, 2022 August I 9, 2022 Amount $60,000,000 $200,000,000 $350,000,000 $200,000,000 $800,000,000 $100,000,000 $800,000,000 $800,000,000 $150,000,000 $100,000,000 $700,000,000 $350,000,000 $450,000,000 $50,000,000 $400,000,000 $175,000,000 $550,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $775,000,000 $8,010,000,000 Source: Department of State and Department of Defense. Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine, established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard, together with military trainers from U.S. allied states, provided training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF before the war. This training mission was suspended at the outset of Russia's invasion. In April 2022, DOD announced it would resume training Ukrainian personnel, outside Ukraine, specifically to operate U.S. and allied systems. Separately, U.S. Special Operations Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces. Provision of Defense Equipment After Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security assistance, such as body armor, helmets, vehicles, night and thermal vision devices, heavy engineering equipment, advanced radios, patrol boats, rations, tents, counter-mortar radars, uniforms, medical kits, and other related items. In 2017, the Trump Administration announced U.S. willingness to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine.

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