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1 1 (June 15, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govehot0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Informing ~on& Research Service Updated June 15, 2022 Defense Primer: Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) Overview and Mission The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) is a voluntary high school program of instruction administrated by the Department of Defense (DOD) through the military departments. A key purpose of JROTC, according to 10 U.S.C. §2031 (as amended by P.L. 116-283), is to instill in students in United States secondary educational institutions the values of citizenship, service to the United States (including an introduction to service opportunities in military, national, and public service), and personal responsibility and a sense of accomplishment. JROTC was established as an Army program by the National Defense Act of 1916 (P.L. 64-85) and in 1964 expanded to the Navy and Air Force. Congress authorized Coast Guard JROTC units at two schools: the Maritime and Science Technology Academy in Miami, FL, in 1989 (P.L. 101-225), and Camden County High School, NC, in 2005 (P.L. 109-241). In FY2021, there were about 3,500 JROTC units operating in every state and in DOD schools overseas (see Table 1). Eighth-grade students are allowed to participate in JROTC if physically co-located with 9th_12th grade students. Home- schooled students may also participate. Table I. Estimated Size of JROTC Program Number of Estimated Service units enrollment Army 1,727 305,000 Navy 643 92,700 Marine Corps 256 30,990 Air Force 875 1 10,000 Total 3,501 538,690 Source: DOD Comptroller, FY2022 budget justification documents. Notes: Navy figures include 583 JROTC units and 88,000 JROTC cadets, in addition to 60 National Defense Cadet Corps (NNDCC) units and 4,700 NNDCC cadets. IROTC Insi -tors Most JROTC instructors are retired or reserve officers and enlisted noncommissioned officers (NCOs) who serve as employees of the school district. Service-level policies require JROTC schools to have a minimum of one officer (Senior Military Instructor) and one NCO (Junior Military Instructor) on staff. Requirements to qualify as a JROTC instructor (e.g., education, certification) are specified in law (10 U.S.C. §2033). Instructors are also required to abide by standards set by their parent service, as well as the policies set by their host institution. Retired servicemembers who are eligible for retired pay may continue to receive such pay while employed as an instructor. By law (10 U.S.C. §2031), military departments may subsidize instructor positions by reimbursing the host institution for a portion of the salary. DOD financial regulations refer to the salary that a school must pay the instructor as the Minimum Instructor Pay (MIP). The MIP is the difference between (1) the active duty pay and allowances the instructor would receive if recalled to active duty and (2) the instructor's retired pay entitlement. For example, if annual military retired pay is $24,000 and total active duty pay and allowances is $52,000 the institution would pay the instructor the difference of $28,000. The military may reimburse the institution $14,000 (one-half of $28,000). Additional sample salary calculations can be found in DOD Instruction 1205.13. Curriculum JROTC courses are taught over a three- or four-year period with academic coursework on topics such as leadership and ethics, civics, history, and health and wellness. The FY2020 NDAA authorizes instruction in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. JROTC also includes service-specific courses such as Aerospace Science or Seamanship and Navigation. In addition, units offer extracurricular activities such as color guard/drill team, marksmanship, and field trips to military installations. Establihing a JROTC Programn Educational institutions interested in hosting a unit must apply to the respective military department. By law, participating host schools are required to maintain participation levels of 10% of the student body, or 100 students, whichever is less. The military departments establish criteria for unit placement. For example, the Army maintains an Order of Merit List, based on a point system that awards credit to institutions for categories such as Title I status under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (P.L. 89-10, as amended), local indicators of need (e.g., high unemployment or illiteracy), student enrollment, school financial solvency, and fair and equitable distribution of JROTC programs among states. Schools may also apply to host or convert an existing JROTC unit to a National Defense Cadet Corps (NDCC) per 10 U.S.C. §2035. NDCC statutory and regulatory requirements are similar to host a JROTC unit. However, instructor salaries and other costs for NDCCs are the responsibility of the host institution and not subsidized by the government.

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