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1 1 (February 8, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govegun0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Defense Primer: The Military Departments Military Departments The three military departments within the Department of Defense (DOD), created by the National Security Act of 1947, are the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force (P.L. 80- 253). A military department prepares and provides strategic, conventional, and special operations forces for military operations conducted by DOD. Each department has an executive headquarters for administering its activities, personnel, and organizations. The type and number of personnel permitted to work in an executive headquarters are limited by law and differ among the three departments (Table 1). Table I. Executive Headquarters Personnel Limits Generals/ Other Civilian Admirals Officers Employees Total Department of the Army 67 1,833 1,350 3,250 Department of the Navy 74 1,726 1,350 3,150 Department of the Air Force 60 1,590 1,100 2,750 Source: 10 U.S.C. §§7014, 8014, 9014. Note: Personnel limits do not apply in time of war and they may be increased by 15% of such limits in time of national emergency. Secretary of the Military Department The military departments are led by a civilian secretary whom the President of the United States appoints with the advice and consent of the Senate. The authority of a secretary runs from the President through the Secretary of Defense. The secretaries of the military departments are responsible for training, equipping, and organizing their departments' armed services. A secretary may present departmental recommendations to Congress after notifying the Secretary of Defense. Principal officials of the department reporting to a secretary include the under secretary, assistant secretaries, and general counsel. These officials typically are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Specific areas of responsibility for the assistant secretaries include logistics, manpower, acquisition, and financial management. Department of the Army The Office of the Secretary of the Army administers the Department of the Army; secretarial authorities are set forth in 10 U.S.C. §7013 (see below). The department's armed service is the Army, which is the principal land force in Updated February 8, 2022 DOD. The Army is composed of the Regular Army, Army Reserve, and Army National Guard of the United States. The Department of the Army's FY2022 budget request is $173 billion. The total numbers of actual or estimated personnel in the Department of the Army for FY2020, FY2021, and FY2022 are in Table 2. Department of the Army Secretary of the Army Office of the Secretary of the Army Armed Service Service Chief and Service Staff Army Source: CRS analysis of military department statutory authorities. Table 2. Department of the Army Personnel FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 Category Actual Estimate Estimate Active Army 485,383 486,000 485,000 Army National Guard 336,100 336,500 336,000 Army Reserve 188,700 189,800 189,500 Army Civilian 190,899 194,128 196,111 Total 1,201,082 1,206,428 1,206,611 Source: DOD, Defense Manpower Profile Report - Fiscal Year 2022, July 2021, pp. 2-3 (FY2020 Reserve and National Guard data rounded by source). Department of the Navy The Office of the Secretary of the Navy administers the Department of the Navy; secretarial authorities are set forth in 10 U.S.C. §8013 (see below). The department's armed services are the Navy and the Marine Corps, which are the principal maritime forces in DOD. The Navy is composed of the Regular Navy, Fleet Reserve, and Navy Reserve. The Marine Corps is composed of the Regular Marine Corps, Fleet Marine Corps Reserve, and Marine Corps Reserve. The Department of the Navy's FY2022 budget request is $211.7 billion. The total numbers of actual or estimated personnel in the department for FY2020, FY2021, and FY2022 are in Table 3. United States Coast Guard The Coast Guard is an armed service normally operating in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). It has contingent roles in DOD as a principal maritime force. During wartime, or if directed by the President, the Coast Guard would transfer from DHS to the Department of the Navy (14 U.S.C. §103).

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