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1 1 (May 20, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govegsm0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service Informing 11w legislative debate since 1914 Updated May 20, 2022 Defense Primer: Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Process Introduction Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) is the Department of Defense (DOD) process for allocating resources among the armed services, defense agencies, and other components. The annual process serves as the framework for DOD civilian and military leaders to decide which programs and force management requirements to fund based on strategic objectives. This product describes a notional PPBE process from the perspective of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). In practice, aspects of the process may differ based on current events or leadership preferences. DOD Directive 7045.14 states that PPBE serves as the annual resource allocation process for the department over a multi-year planning cycle. According to the directive, the objective of the process is to provide the DOD with the most effective mix of forces, equipment, manpower, and support attainable within fiscal constraints. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3100.01E describes the process as the Secretary of Defense's institutional strategic planning system and the primary decision-making process for translating strategic guidance into resource allocation decisions. The process is designed to produce DOD's portion of the President's annual budget request to Congress, as well as updates to the department's five-year spending plan, known as the Future Years Defense Program (FYDP). PPBE is one of DOD's three main acquisition-related decision support systems, along with the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) for developing requirements to address capability gaps and the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) for managing acquisition programs. Background In 1961, then-Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) Robert S. McNamara established the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS) as a framework for linking strategic objectives with resources. In 2003, DOD renamed the system PPBE in part to emphasize the need to better manage the execution of budget authority provided by Congress. The Deputy Secretary of Defense assists the SECDEF in the overall PPBE leadership role by managing the process on a day-to-day basis. PPBE is a calendar-driven process that, for any fiscal year cycle, typically begins more than two years before the expected year of budget execution. Figure 1 shows when actions associated with a particular fiscal year cycle may occur during a calendar year. DOD sometimes makes a distinction between the execution phase of PPBE, or execution review, and the execution of congressional appropriations. (For more information, see the Execution section below.) PPBE Phases The PPBE process typically produces internal documents and materials for each phase. The planning phase produces the Defense Planning Guidance (DPG), which details force development priorities. The programming phase generates a Program Objective Memorandum (POM), a funding plan for each DOD component covering a five-year period that adjusts programs in the FYDP. The budgeting phase results in a Budget Estimate Submission (BES), which covers the first year of the POM and converts programs into budget terms for submission to Congress. Figure 1. DOD Resource Allocation Process (notional) (fiscal year cycle by calendar year and month) 2021 2022 2023 J FAMJ J A NiJ FMAM J JA SO N D J FMAMJJA SON D FY2Exe uonn 2r 1 FY2022 xecut2nn FY2023 D.PG, FY2023- FY2[)27 FY2024 DPG FY2024- FY2028 Source: CRS graphic based on DOD references. Notes: CY: calendar year; FY: fiscal year cycle; Pro/Bud: Programming/Budgeting; DPG: Defense Planning Guidance; POM: Program Objective Memorandum; BES: Budget Estimate Submission. Planning The Under Secretary of Defense (USD) for Policy leads the planning phase. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) also plays a significant role in the process, in accordance with responsibilities as the principal military advisor to the SECDEF under Section 151 of Title 10, United States Code (U.S.C.). The CJCS's role is, in part, to advocate for solutions to department-wide requirements. The phase involves reviewing the President's National Security Strategy (NSS), the SECDEF's National Defense Strategy (NDS), and the CJCS's National Military Strategy FY2025 l)PG FY2025- FY2029

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