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Updated November 22, 2021
Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces
Overview
The Army is the U.S. military's primary ground force. Title
10, Subtitle B, Part I, Chapter 307 of the U.S. Code
addresses the organization of the Army. The Marine Corps
serves as the Navy's land-based fighting force. Title 10,
Subtitle C, Part I, Chapter 507, Section 5063 addresses
Marine Corps composition and functions. For the National
Guard and Reserves, see CRS In Focus IF10540, Defense
Primer: Reserve Forces.
Organizational Levels of U.S. G round
Forces
The Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) The U.S.
Military's Force Structure: A Primer, 2021 Update notes:
The Army and Marine Corps are generally organized as
hierarchies of units, with each type of unit commanded by a
noncommissioned or commissioned officer of a specific
rank. These units are described from smallest to largest.
Squad/Team/Section. A squad is led by a sergeant and
consists of 4-12 personnel. Squads can be further divided
into teams or sections.
Platoon. A platoon-led (Army) or commanded (Marines)
by a lieutenant and includes varying numbers of
subordinate squads, teams, or sections-may vary from 16
to 50 personnel. Heavy platoons have four armored vehicles
(such as tanks or infantry fighting vehicles, depending on
the type of platoon).
Company/Troop/Battery. A company is commanded by a
captain and includes two to five subordinate platoons
(usually three or four). It has about 60-200 personnel.
Heavy companies have 14 armored vehicles. Cavalry (air or
ground) companies are called troops (Army only); artillery
and air and missile defense companies are called batteries.
Battalion/Squadron. A battalion is commanded by a
lieutenant colonel and usually includes three to five combat
companies and one support company. It has about 400-
1,000 personnel. Heavy battalions have 58 armored
vehicles. Cavalry battalions are called squadrons.
Brigade Combat Team/Support
Brigades/Regiment/Group. Army brigades are
commanded by a colonel and generally are configured as a
brigade combat team (BCT) or a support brigade. A BCT
has about 4,000-4,700 personnel, depending on type. Army
cavalry brigades are called regiments; some types of
support brigades are called groups. Marine Corps units at
this level also are called regiments. (The term Marine
Expeditionary Brigade [MEB] refers to a regimental-size
task force, which is larger than a BCT).
Division. An Army division is commanded by a major
general and includes two to five BCTs (usually four), an
aviation brigade, an artillery brigade, an engineer brigade,
and a logistics brigade. Army divisions consist of 12,000-
16,000 personnel.
Corps. Corps are commanded by a lieutenant general and
include two to five divisions and numerous support
brigades and commands. Corps have about 40,000-100,000
personnel. The Marines do not have designated corps,
although a Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) is similar in
size and also is commanded by a lieutenant general.
Army. An army is the highest command level in a given
theater of operations and typically has 100,000-300,000
personnel. It is an element of a joint command structure,
with the Army's component commanded by a general. An
Army's operational theater is established to support one or
more corps and includes numerous support brigades and
support commands.
Army Brigades
According to The U.S. Military's Force Structure: A
Primer, 2021 Update, Army Brigades are organized as
follows.](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.crs/govegqr0001&div=1&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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