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1 1 (June 6, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefxb0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ ~ Research Service 2022 Summit of the Americas Updated June 6, 2022 The United States is hosting the Ninth Summit of the Americas in Los Angeles from June 6-10, 2022. The Summits of the Americas, held roughly every three years, serve as opportunities for the Western Hemisphere's heads of government to engage directly with one another and address issues of collective concern. In May 2021, the Senate passed S.Res. 120, calling on the President to lead a strong and coordinated diplomatic effort during the summit process to strengthen democratic governance, support post-pandemic economic recovery efforts, enhance security cooperation, and address displacement and migration in the Western Hemisphere. Depending on what, if any, commitments or proposals the President makes at the summit, he could call on Congress to approve policy changes and/or appropriate resources. Background The Summits of the Americas were established in the early 1990s during a brief period of broad political consensus in the Western Hemisphere. After decades of civil war and military rule, 34 of the 35 countries in the region had established elected civilian democracies. Likewise, following the end of the Cold War, most of the governments in the region had moved away from state-led development in favor of economic liberalization. To build on those shared values and develop a common agenda for the hemisphere's future, President Bill Clinton invited the democratically elected heads of government in the hemisphere to attend the first Summit of the Americas in Miami in 1994. The summit attendees approved a comprehensive plan of action with 23 separate initiatives, the most prominent of which was an agreement to work toward the creation of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). Although the FTAA was never realized, the negotiating process intensified regional dialogue on trade, leading to numerous bilateral and regional free trade agreements. Since the first summit in Miami, there have been seven additional Summits of the Americas and two Special Summits of the Americas. The meetings have resulted in several notable initiatives, including the 2001 Inter-American Democratic Charter-an agreement among Western Hemisphere countries that the peoples of the Americas have a right to democracy and that their governments have an obligation to promote and defend that right. The hemisphere's leaders have been unable to reach consensus on many regional challenges at more recent summits, however, leading some analysts to argue the summits have not been an effective platform for cooperation. Others contend the summits' ability to convene heads of government for formal and informal discussions remains valuable. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11934 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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