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1 1 (April 29, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefqx0001 and id is 1 raw text is: U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine Updated April 29, 2022 The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, both before and after Russia renewed its invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through April 25, 2022, the United States has provided more than $6.4 billion in security assistance to help Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its borders, and improve interoperability with NATO. Since the start of the 2022 war, the Biden Administration has committed a total of more than $3.7 billion in security assistance to provide Ukraine the equipment it needs to defend itself. FY2022 security assistance packages have been funded through regular and supplemental appropriations. The Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117- 103, Division N), included $3.5 billion to replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks that have been sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority. Supplemental appropriations also provided $650 million in Foreign Military Financing (FMF) for Ukraine and countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine, of which more than $322 million is to be obligated for Ukraine. Regular defense appropriations included $300 million for DOD's Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI). On April 28, 2022, the Biden Administration sent an emergency supplemental request to Congress for additional funding and authority to address immediate needs in Ukraine and other countries impacted by the war. The request includes $6 billion for USAI, $4 billion for FMF, and $5 billion to replenish DOD stocks. Overview of Programs Since 2014 The United States has used a variety of security assistance programs and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending accounts. Two of the primary mechanisms are the State Department's FMF (22 U.S.C. §2763) and DOD's USAI (P.L. 114-92, §1250) (see Table 2). USAI packages have included training, equipment, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine's defensive capabilities such as maritime domain awareness; operational safety and capacity of air bases; and lethality, command and control, and survivability of the UAF. USAI also supports cyber defense and strategic communications to counter Russian cyberattacks and misinformation. A portion of annual USAI funds is contingent on DOD and State certifying Ukraine's progress on key defense reforms. The United States also is providing defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S. stocks without congressional approval in response to an unforeseen emergency (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has authorized eight drawdowns valued at $3.31 billion (see Table 1). Table 1. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine, FY2021 -FY2022 Date Authorized August 27, 2021 December 28, 2021 February 25, 2022 March 12, 2022 March 16, 2022 Amount $60,000,000 $200,000,000 $350,000,000 $200,000,000 $800,000,000 April 5, 2022 $100,000,000 April 13, 2022 $800,000,000 April 21, 2022 $800,000,000 Total $3,310,000,000 Source: Department of State and Department of Defense. Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD's security cooperation authorities, notably 10 U.S.C. §333 Building Partner Capacity and 10 U.S.C. §332 Defense Institution Building, and International Military Education and Training (IMET), which has provided professional military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded security assistance has supported conventional weapons destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities. Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine, established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard, together with military trainers from U.S. allied states, provided training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF before the war (at a training facility in western Ukraine that was targeted by a Russian missile strike in March 2022). This training mission was suspended at the outset of Russia's invasion. In April 2022, DOD announced it would resume training Ukrainian personnel, outside Ukraine, specifically to operate U.S. and allied systems. Separately, U.S. Special Operations Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces. Provision of Defense Equipment After Russia invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security assistance, such as body armor, helmets, vehicles, night and thermal vision devices, heavy engineering equipment, advanced radios, patrol boats, rations, tents, counter-mortar radars, uniforms, medical kits, and other related items. In 2017, the Trump Administration announced U.S. willingness to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine. ittps://trsreports.congress.gt

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