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1 1 (March 21, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefli0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional SResearch Service Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: NATO Response Updated March 21, 2022 The 30-member North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; see Figure 1) has condemned Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, which it has characterized as the most dangerous moment in European security in a generation. Underscoring its role as a defensive alliance, NATO has joined the United States in declaring that it would not deploy forces to Ukraine, which is not a NATO member. NATO has, however, significantly enhanced its defensive force posture in the eastern part of the alliance and reiterated its solidarity with Ukraine. NATO officials also have expressed support for substantial bilateral assistance, including arms transfers, provided to Ukraine by NATO members since the invasion. According to some reports, as of early March, arms transfers from NATO allies to Ukraine had included more than 17,000 anti-tank missiles and 2,000 Stinger anti-aircraft missiles. Enhanced Deterrence Since Russia's first invasion of Ukraine in 2014, NATO has renewed its focus on territorial defense and deterring Russian aggression, including through an Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) of four multinational battle groups stationed in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and Poland. The battle groups, which have more than doubled in size since early February-from about 5,000 troops to 16,400 in mid-March-are led by the United Kingdom (Estonia), Canada (Latvia), Germany (Lithuania), and the United States (Poland). NATO also has established a Multinational Division Southeast headquartered in Romania to coordinate a Tailored Forward Presence (TFP) in the Black Sea region. According to NATO, 40,000 allied troops are now under direct NATO command in the eastern part of the alliance, along with more than 130 allied fighter jets on high alert and more than 200 allied ships at sea in the region. In addition to U.S. deployments (see below), new NATO deployments include more than 1,000 soldiers from the UK to Estonia and Poland; 800 French and Belgian troops to Romania; 350 additional German troops to Lithuania and a German-Dutch Patriot air defense system as part of a new NATO battlegroup in Slovakia; and additional fighter jets, ships, and troops from numerous allies. On February 24, NATO announced that the alliance had activated defense plans that would allow military commanders to deploy elements of the NATO Response Force (NRF), a multinational rapid-reaction force Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11866 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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