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1 1 (March 15, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefkp0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 44 Congressional *. Research Service Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: NATO Response Updated March 15, 2022 The 30-member North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; see Figure 1) has condemned Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, which it has characterized as an effort to destroy the entire rules- based international order, on which our peace and security depend and the most dangerous moment in European security in a generation. Underscoring its role as a defensive alliance, NATO has joined the United States in declaring that it would not deploy forces to Ukraine, which is not a NATO member. NATO has, however, significantly enhanced its defensive force posture in the eastern part of the alliance and reiterated its solidarity with Ukraine. NATO officials also have expressed support for substantial bilateral assistance, including arms transfers, being provided to Ukraine by NATO members since the invasion. According to some reports, arms transfers from NATO allies to Ukraine have included 17,000 anti-tank missiles and 2,000 Stinger anti- aircraft missiles as of early March. Enhanced Deterrence Since Russia's first invasion of Ukraine in 2014, NATO has renewed its focus on territorial defense and deterring Russian aggression, including by deploying battlegroups, increasing military exercises and training, and enhancing air policing over the three Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and Bulgaria and Romania. The cornerstone of these efforts is an Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) of four multinational battle groups stationed in the Baltic states and Poland. The battle groups, which as of early February 2022 collectively totaled about 5,000 soldiers, are led by the United Kingdom (Estonia), Canada (Latvia), Germany (Lithuania), and the United States (Poland). NATO also has established a Multinational Division Southeast headquartered in Romania to coordinate a Tailored Forward Presence (TFP) in the Black Sea region. Since the February invasion, the United States and its NATO allies have collectively more than doubled the alliance force presence in Eastern Europe, with more than 130 allied fighter jets now on high alert in the eastern part of the alliance and more than 200 allied ships at sea from the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean. In addition to U.S. deployments (see below), new deployments to NATO's forward presence include more than 1,000 soldiers and additional fighter jets from the UK; 500 French troops in Romania; 350 additional German troops in Lithuania and a German-Dutch Patriot air defense system in Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11866 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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