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1 1 (February 24, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govefic0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional *.Research Service informing the I gislative debate since 1914___________________ Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: NATO Response February 24, 2022 The 30-member North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine, describing it as the most dangerous moment in European security in a generation. In the lead- up to the invasion, NATO joined the United States in stating it would not deploy forces to defend Ukraine, which is not a NATO member. NATO has, however, enhanced its defensive force posture in the eastern part of the alliance and reiterated its solidarity with Ukraine. Russia's invasion follows almost a decade of deteriorating relations between NATO and Russia, during which NATO suspended most cooperation with Russia following Russia's 2014 occupation of Ukraine's Crimea region and parts of eastern Ukraine. In 2021, NATO declared, there can be no return to 'business as usual' until Russia demonstrates compliance with international law and its international obligations and responsibilities. Noting an end-goal of improved relations, NATO continued to express openness to political dialogue with Russia as part of a dual-track approach of deterrence and dialogue. NATO officials stress, however, that by invading Ukraine, Russia has shut the door on a political solution to the crisis. Enhanced Deterrence Since 2014, NATO has renewed its focus on territorial defense and deterring Russian aggression, including by deploying battlegroups, increasing military exercises and training, and enhancing air policing over the Baltic States and Bulgaria and Romania. The cornerstone of these efforts is an Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) of four multinational battle groups stationed in the three Baltic States and Poland. The battle groups, which as of early February 2022 collectively totaled about 5,000 soldiers, are led by the United Kingdom (Estonia), Canada (Latvia), Germany (Lithuania), and the United States (Poland). NATO also has established a Multinational Division Southeast headquartered in Romania to coordinate a Tailored Forward Presence (TFP) in the Black Sea Region. Several allies-including Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom-have announced additional deployments to bolster NATO's forward presence. France offered to lead a new battlegroup in Romania, but plans have yet to be finalized. According to NATO officials, as of February 24, 2022, more than 100 allied fighter jets were on high alert in the eastern part of the alliance and more than 120 allied ships were at sea, from the Arctic region to the Mediterranean. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11866 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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