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1 1 (December 6, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveeye0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional *.Research Service inforrming the Iegislative debate since 1914___________________ Russian Troop Movements and Tensions Along the Ukrainian Border Updated December 6, 2021 Starting in mid-October 2021, social media and news outlets have reported significant movement by Russian military forces, with limited Russian transparency, on or near the Ukrainian border. These movements, which follow a similar military buildup in March-April 2021 and Russia's Zapad military exercises in September 2021, come amid increasingly aggressive rhetoric reported from Russian policymakers about the so-called encroachment of NATO near Russia's borders and the geopolitical status of Ukraine. Many observers, including some in Congress, have expressed concerns that such buildups and exercises could be the prelude to a second Russian invasion of Ukraine or other aggressive actions. Russian Troop Deployments Many analysts and officials characterize Russia's recent troop movements as significant and as falling outside normal troop rotations or military exercises, due to the deployment of units over long distances and far away from their usual training grounds. Of particular concern is the movement and pre- positioning of equipment closer to the Ukrainian border, which is difficult and time-consuming to transport. Pre-positioned equipment allows Russian units to quickly mobilize and conduct operations. Several reports center on Russia's shift of Figure I. Russian Borders with Ukraine and equipment and units from the 41St Combined Belarus Arms Army (CAA) from the Central Military District, headquartered in Novosibirsk, Siberia. Units from the 41St CAA reportedly had been RUSSIA stationed at the Pogonovo training grounds outside Voronezh since March; they did not return U KR A NE to permanent basing after the conclusion of the D m z Zapad 2021 exercises in September (see Figure 1). In mid-October, social and news media reports indicated these units, which include heavy `vatp n: artillery and a battalion of Iskander-M short-range 1L* ballistic missiles, were moving toward Yelnya, on Bndi are not nCongressional Research Service Source: Congressional Research Service. https:/crsreports.congress.gov IN11806 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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