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handle is hein.crs/goveewa0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional
AResearch Service
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Russian Troop Movements and Tensions
Along the Ukrainian Border
November 19, 2021
Starting in mid-October 2021 and continuing through the beginning of November, social media and news
outlets have reported significant movement by Russian military forces, with limited Russian transparency,
on or near the Ukrainian border. These movements, which follow a similar military buildup in March-
April 2021 and Russia's Zapad military exercises in September 2021, come amid increasingly aggressive
rhetoric reported from Russian policymakers about the so-called encroachment of NATO near Russia's
borders and the geopolitical status of Ukraine. Many observers, including some in Congress, have
expressed concerns that such buildups and exercises could be the prelude to a second Russian invasion of
Ukraine or other significant events.
Russian Troop Deployments
Many analysts characterize Russia's recent troop movements as significant and as falling outside normal
troop rotations or military exercises, due to the deployment of units over long distances and far away from
their usual training grounds. At the same time, some observers raise doubts that these recent movements
necessarily indicate Russia is preparing for an imminent incursion into Ukraine.
Recent reports center on Russia's shift of
Figure I. Russian Borders with Ukraine and    equipment and units from the 41St Combined
Belarus                      Arms Army (CAA) from the Central Military
,*a                            District, headquartered in Novosibirsk, Siberia.
Units from the 41St CAA reportedly had been
RUSSIsA stationed at the Pogonovo training grounds
v   a                    outside Voronezh since March; they did not return
U KR A N E                          to permanent basing after the conclusion of the
Aon                              Zapad 2021 exercises in September (see Figure
1). In mid-October, social and news media reports
indicated these units, which include heavy
artillery and a battalion of Iskander-M short-range
ballistic missiles, were moving toward Yelnya, in
the Smolensk region on Belarus's eastern border.
Congressional Research Service
Source: Congressional Research Service.                      https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN11806
CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress

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