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.Research Service
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Labor Market Tightness and the Economic
Recovery, Part 1
October 5, 2021
Recently, many businesses have reportedly complained of challenges posed by labor market tightness-
workforce shortages and difficulties in hiring to reduce them. This is generally considered unusual when
employment is still low by historical standards-one of the many unusual economic phenomena that have
occurred during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. If long-lasting, these shortages
could hold back the economic recovery and potentially contribute to inflationary pressures. This Insight
examines evidence of tightness. A companion Insight (Part 2) discusses potential causes and policy
implications.
Evidence of Tightness ...
There is no single, direct measure of labor market tightness, but one popular proxy measures the ratio of
unemployed workers to job openings (see Figure 1). This measure provides a comparison of how many
workers are unemployed and actively looking for jobs with how many positions employers are looking to
fill. In July 2021, there were fewer than one unemployed worker per job opening. This ratio, which rises
in recessions and declines in expansions when the labor market tightens, is lower than in previous
expansions and similar to the level reached before the pandemic, when the unemployment rate was 3.5%.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN11770

CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress -

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