About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

1 1 (May 17, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govedik0001 and id is 1 raw text is: forri. g h iti v deat inc 11 0 Updated May 17, 2021 Defense Primer: DOD Title 10 Security Cooperation Security Cooperation (SC) Overview The Department of Defense (DOD) uses the term security cooperation (SC) to refer broadly to DOD interactions with foreign security establishments. SC activities include * the transfer of defense articles and services; * military-to-military exercises; * military education, training, and advising; and * capacity building of partner security forces. SC programs are intended to encourage and enable partner nations (PNs) to work with the United States to achieve strategic objectives. They are considered a key tool for achieving U.S. national security and foreign policy objectives. These activities are executed through both DOD-administered SC programs (authorized under Title 10, U.S.C.) and DOD-implemented State Department (DOS) security assistance (SA) programs (authorized under Title 22, U.S.C). Beyond grant-based programs, SC encompasses the Foreign Military Sales program and enables U.S. and PN collaboration on defense articles. The following sections focus on DOD Title 10 activities. SC: Policy and Objectives SC activities aim to achieve particular objectives in support of U.S. national security and defense strategies. Specifically, SC may build defense relationships that promote U.S. security interests, enhance military capabilities of U.S. allies and partners, and provide the United States with access to PNs. Under the overarching goal of furthering U.S. national security and foreign policy interests, SC emphasizes partnerships, aiming to be mutually beneficial for the United States and its partners. SC activities aim to develop and strengthen a PN's ability to provide internal security, contribute to regional security efforts, combat shared threats, and increase military interoperability with the United States. The 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) signaled the Trump Administration's intention to shift SC activities from nearly two decades of prioritizing counterterrorism toward great power competition (GPC) with Russia and China. The shift raised questions as to how SC should be realigned to meet this objective and what the implications could be for scaling down counterterrorism-focused SC activities in Africa and the Middle East, especially as Russia and China increase their influence. Some DOD officials and defense analysts have suggested that rather than a shift, counterterrorism, as well as irregular warfare, should remain priorities within GPC. The Biden Administration has yet to release a new NDS; however, its Interim National Security Strategic Guidance broadly identifies authoritarianism and strategic competition as priority threats that require coordination and cooperation with allies and partners. SC: Roles and Responsibilities Many SC activities require DOD to coordinate with multiple DOD components and other federal departments, primarily DOS. Some DOD SC activities require varying levels of coordination with DOS. Within DOD, the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy (USD[P]) exercises overall direction, authority, and control over SC matters. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) represents the interests of the Secretary of Defense and USD(P) in SC matters and is tasked with directing, administering, and executing many SC programs, developing SC policy, and providing DOD-wide SC guidance. DSCA is also DOD's main interlocutor between the PNs, implementing agencies, and the defense industry. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict (ASD-SO/LIC) oversees and approves some SC training activities that are managed by DSCA. U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) coordinates those SC activities executed by special operations forces (SOF). DOS leads U.S. foreign aid and has final say on SA. DOS's Bureau of Political-Military Affairs (PM) is the principal link to DOD and ensures that SA is integrated with other U.S. policies and activities at the country, regional, and global levels. PM also determines PN eligibility, appropriate SA programs, and which defense articles and equipment are permitted for transfer. Figure I. Title 10 SC Budget Categories, by Organization FY2021 RequestTotal: $7,591.4 million CATEGORIES FY21 REQUEST,$ IN MILLIONS (1) Mil-to-Mu *AMil 23 Engagements I NAVY 192 (2) Training with Foreign Forces (3) Support to Operations (4) Capacity Building (5)Educational Training Act. (6) Magmt., Infra. & Workforce (7) Humanitarian & Assist. Activities (8) Partner Sec. Forces Funds inlE{il tO e I NAVY 1.2 -i~li DTRA 2385 [DSEA 1 5< iARMY 9.8 ELSA 2 IE cA 55 i INAVY 12.6 ARMY 4 860.6 Source: CRS. Data from DSCA SC Budget Display, FY2021. tips://crsreports.congress.gc

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Contact Us

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most