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*Congressional                                                        ____
    Research Service
    Inforrmng the Iegislative debate since 1 14____________________


Is   High Inflation a Risk in 2021?



April  6, 2021
Assuming public health continues to improve, many economists project rapid economic growth in 2021.
The unprecedented fiscal and monetary stimulus in response to the COVID-19 pandemic is also expected
to continue in 2021. Some observers have questioned whether the combination of stimulus and rapid
growth will result in rising prices.

Historical Trends in Inflation

The economy  experienced persistently high inflation in the 1970s and early 1980s, last reaching double-
digits in 1981 (see Figure 1). Most economists believe this high inflation was caused by overly
expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, along with significant increases in energy prices. Additionally,
as expectations of higher inflation became incorporated into consumer and business decisions, these
expectations contributed to actual increases in inflation. The Federal Reserve (Fed) raised short-term
interest rates significantly in the early 1980s, which successfully brought inflation down quickly, though
at the cost of a recession.



















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