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1 1 (March 24, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govectx0001 and id is 1 raw text is: -~ reg at Research $ervice h$orminQ the ie4sIat~ve debate suite 1914 S Updated March 24,2021 Army Corps of Engineers: FY2021 Appropriations Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and construction of authorized water res ourceprojects and the operation and maintenance of infrastructure and navigation improvements managed by USACE. For USACE civil works, President Trump requested $5.97 billion for FY2021. As shown in Figure 1, Congress typically funds USACE above the President's request. For FY2021, Congress provided $7.80 billion (31% above the FY2021 request and 2% above FY2020 enacted) in Division D, Title I of P.L. 116-260. At times,Congress also provides USACEwith supplemental appropriations, typically for flood response and recovery (see CRS In Focus IF11435, SupplementalAppropriations for Army Corps Flood Response and Recovery). Figure I. Annual USACE Funding, FY2007-FY2021 (nominal $, in billions) Annual Appropriation m Budget Request $8.0 $6.0 $5.0 $4.0 $3.0 $2.0 $1.0 $0.0 r tf W C . Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS). USACE Funding and FY20 21 Request Unlike many of the federal agencies that support infrastructureinvestmentsby distributing federalfunds to nonfederalentities by formula or through competitive grant programs, USACEdirectly commits funds for project planning and construction. It uses most of its appropriations for work on specific studies and projects authorized by Congress. These activities are often cost shared with nonfederalproject sponsors or users. For more on the USACE appropriations process and related issues, see CRS Report R46320, U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers: Annual Appropriations Process andissues for Congress. President Trump's FY2021 budget requestprioritized maintaining the performance of existing infrastructure, as reflected by the share of funds requested for operations and maintenance (i.e., the O&M account; see Figure 2), and completing ongoing construction projects (i.e., the Construction account). The request proposed no new studies or constructionprojects (referred to as newstarts). In response to budgetrequests with no new starts in recent years, Congress has provided funding and required USACE to start a specified number ofnew constructionprojects and newstudies. In FY2021, Congress has required sevennew projects and nine new studies. Figure 2. USACE Account Appropriations, FY2016-FY2021 (nominal $, in billions) $8.0 $7.0 $6.0 $5.0 $4.0 $3.0 $2.0 $1.0 wi re cc a sr SWIFIA I Expenses & ASA Regulatory E Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies FUSRAP Mississippi River& Tributaries SOperations & Maintenance Construction Investigations Source: CRS. Notes: WIFIA= Water Infrastructure Finance and lnnovation Act; ASA=Assistant Secretary oftheArmy; Regulatory= Regulatory Program; FUSRAP = Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program.WIFIA is a newaccount as of FY2021. Since the 112th Congress, moratoriumpolicies have limited congressionally directed funding of site-specific projects (i.e., earmarks). Prior to the 112t Congress, Congress would direct funds to specific projects notin the budget request or increase funds for certain projects. Each year since FY2011, Congress has appropriated additional funding for categories ofUSACEwork without identifying specific projects. For FY2021, Congress provided $2.25 billion in additional funding for 25 categories of USACE activities (e.g., construction of flood and stormdamage reduction). In FY2021 appropriations and accompanying report language, Congress set out priorities and other guidance for the Administration's use of the additional funding. Congress directed the Administration to develop a work planwithin 60days ofenactment thatreports on (1) the selected new startstudies and constructionprojects and https://crsreports.congress.gov MMO r

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