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1 1 (March 15, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govecqk0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional SResearch Service Mexico: Challenges for U.S. Policymakers in 2021 March 15, 2021 Mexico, atop U.S. trade partner and neighbor, could play a key role in addressing several challenges facing U.S. policymakers in 2021. Although President Andres Manuel L6pez Obrador initially delayed congratulating President Joe Biden on his electoral victory, the leaders now have spoken twice and have held a virtual meeting. During that March 1 meeting, they committed to collaborate on bilateral and regional migration issues and on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response and recovery, while reaffirming the importance of security cooperation and anti-corruption efforts. Each of those issues could test U.S. -Mexican relations, with tension in one area of the relationship potentially hindering cooperation in others. Most experts maintain the best way for both countries to weather such challenges is to continue working together and with Canada to ensure the best possible outcomes for North America. Migration The Trump Administration's approach to Mexico de-emphasized human rights and corruption concerns in favor of a narrow focus on migration control. Under the threat of U.S. tariffs, the L6pez Obrador administration accommodated U.S. border and asylum policy changes that shifted the burden of interdicting migrants and hosting asylum seekers from the United States to Mexico. Many human rights advocates expressed serious concerns about U.S. policies, however, and it was unclear how long Mexico would continue to devote resources to deterring and hosting primarily Central American migrants. President Biden has announced executive actions on immigration, many of which revise restrictive policies implemented by the Trump Administration. President Biden also proposed a comprehensive immigration reform bill, introduced as the U.S. Citizenship Act (S. 348/H.R. 1177). As the top country of origin for unauthorized immigrants in the United States, and the recipient of more than $40 billion of remittances in 2020, Mexico could benefit from pathways to legal status included in that and other bills. However, the Biden Administration likely will require assistance from Mexico as it seeks to end policies restricting the availability of asylum and other protections for migrants at the Southwest border without overwhelming U. S. agencies' processing capacity. Until pandemic-related restrictions on asylum processing end, Mexico will continue to receive non- Mexican adults expelled by U.S. officials; at the same time, Mexico is no longer accepting non-Mexican unaccompanied children and families at some ports of entry due to a new law that took effect in January. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11635 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Membersand Committeesof Congress

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