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1 1 (March 4, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govecnd0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional *.Research Service Russia: Poisoning of Alexei Navalny and U.S. Policy Updated March 4, 2021 On March 2, 2021, the Biden Administration said Russian government agents were responsible for an August 2020 nerve agent attack on anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny. The Department of State called the attack an attempted assassination and determined Russia had used a chemical weapon in violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention. The White House stated the intelligence community (IC) assesses with 'high confidence' that officers of Russia's Federal Security Service, or FSB, were responsible for the attack. The Administration announced sanctions in response, as well as forNavalny's subsequent arrest and imprisonment. Navalny Poisoning and Opposition Crackdown Russian authorities appear to have launched a campaign last year to silence Navalny, a one-time Moscow mayoral candidate. Navalny has demonstrated acumen in exposing government corruption and organizing anti-government actions, despite being barred from competing in elections since 2013. In August 2020, Navalny was poisoned and fell ill on a flight to Moscow. After public outcry, authorities allowed him to be evacuated to Germany for medical care. German officials later cited unequivocal evidence Navalny had been poisoned with an illicit nerve agent known as aNovichok. An investigation by independent researchers implicated several individuals linked to the FSB, Russia's leading domestic security agency. Navalny, posing as a government official, later spoof-called an alleged operative who appeared to provide details of the attack. Rather than seek asylum after recovering, Navalny and his wife, Yuia Navalnaya, returned to Moscow, where Navalny was detained at the airport in January 2021. Authorities ostensibly arrested Navalny for having missed parole check-ins, including during his hospitalization abroad. Navalny's parole was related to a 3'2-year suspended sentence he received in 2014 on embezzlement charges, which the European Court of Human Rights found to be arbitrary and manifestly unreasonable.ARussian court ordered Navalny to be imprisoned for 32 months of his suspended sentence (the court subtracted time served during house arrest). Navalny reportedly has been transferred to a penal colony outside Moscow. He previously received several short prison sentences for participating in unsanctioned protests. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11596 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Membersand Committeesof Congress

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