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Coup in Burma (Myanmar): Issues for U.S.

Policy



February 4, 2021


On February 1, 2021, Burma's military, known as the Tatmadaw, seized control of Burma's Union
Government  and detained State Counselor Aung San Suu Kyi (the country's de facto civilian leader) and
members  of her political party, the National League for Democracy (NLD). The NLD had won
parliamentary elections held in November 2020, and the coup came as the country's Union Parliament
was preparing for its initial session.

                Figure  I. Burma's  Political Transition: 2008 - February 2021


                         November 7,2010        November 8, 2015
                         Parliamentary          National Leaguefor     November8, 2020
                         elections held under   Democracywins          NLD wins
                         new constitution;      parliamentary          parliamentary
                         NLD boycott            elections              elections


            I April 9, 2008                                                     1,January30,2011 Apri 7, 2016 bruaryl,2021
            Military junta Military junta transfers Aung San Suu Kyi     Military stage coup
            issues new    powerto pro-military     and NLD take
            constitution  Thein Sein administration power

    Source: CRS.
The military's action was widely condemned internationally as a blow to Burma's partial transition from
military rule to democracy (see Figure 1). The Biden Administration is reviewing U.S. assistance to
Burma, as required by law, and considering re-imposing sanctions (see below). Any U.S. effort to
coordinate a multilateral response to events in Burma may be complicated by the reluctance of China,
India, and Thailand to interfere in the internal affairs of their neighbor.



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