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1 1 (December 02, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdcrx0001 and id is 1 raw text is: * ~ ~ tiE>sct~rch $3c ~ .................. Updated December 2, 2020 Defense Primer: Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) terv* w and Mi sion The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) is a voluntary high school program of instruction administrated by the Department of Defense (DOD) through the military departments. The purpose of JROTC, according to 10 U.S.C. §2031, is to instill in students in United States secondary educational institutions the values of citizenship, service to the United States, and personal responsibility and a sense of accomplishment. JROTC was established as an Army program by the National Defense Act of 1916 (P.L. 64-85) and in 1964 expanded to the Navy and Air Force. Congress authorized Coast Guard JROTC units at two schools: the Maritime and Science Technology Academy in Miami, FL, in 1989 (P.L. 101-225), and Camden County High School, NC, in 2005 (P.L. 109-241). In FY2020, there were more than 3,400 JROTC units operating in every state and in DOD schools overseas (see Table 1). The FY2020 NDAA (P.L. 116-92) allows for 8th grade students to participate in JROTC if physically co- located with 9-12h grade students. The law also requires host schools to allow homeschooled students to participate in JROTC. Table I. Estimated Size of JROTC Program, FY2020 Service Number of Number of units students Army 1,709 305,000 Navy 583 88,000 Marine Corps 255 34,090 Air Force 885 125,900 Total 3,432 552,990 Source: FY2021 budget justification documents (-books) for the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps. Figures do not include National Defense Cadet Corps (NNDCC) units. Most JROTC instructors are retired or reserve officers and enlisted noncommissioned officers (NCOs) who serve as employees of the school district. Service-level policies require JROTC schools to have a minimum of one officer (Senior Military Instructor) and one NCO (Junior Military Instructor) on staff. Requirements to qualify as a JROTC instructor (e.g., education, certification) are specified in law (10 U.S.C. §2033). Instructors are also required to abide by standards set by their parent service, as well as the policies set by their host institution. Retired servicemembers who are eligible for retired pay may continue to receive such pay while employed as an instructor. By law (10 U.S.C. §2031), military departments may subsidize instructor positions by reimbursing the host institution for a portion of the salary. DOD financial regulations refer to the salary that a school must pay the instructor as the Minimum Instructor Pay (MIP). The MIP is the difference between (1) the active duty pay and allowances the instructor would receive if recalled to active duty and (2) the instructor's retired pay entitlement. For example, if annual military retired pay is $24,000 and total active duty pay and allowances is $52,000 the institution would pay the instructor the difference of $28,000. The military may reimburse the institution $14,000 (one-half of $28,000). Additional sample salary calculations can be found in DOD Instruction 1205.13. JROTC courses are taught over a three- or four-year period with academic coursework on topics such as leadership and ethics, civics, history, and health and wellness. The FY2020 NDAA authorizes instruction in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. JROTC also includes service-specific courses such as Aerospace Science or Seamanship and Navigation. In addition, units offer extracurricular activities such as color guard/drill team, marksmanship, and field trips to military installations. Estblihig aJRO C rogram Educational institutions interested in hosting a unit must apply to the respective military department. By law, participating host schools are required to maintain participation levels of 10% of the student body, or 100 students, whichever is less. The military departments establish criteria for unit placement. For example, the Army maintains an Order of Merit List, based on a point system that awards credit to institutions for categories such as Title I status under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (P.L. 89-10, as amended), local indicators of need (e.g., high unemployment or illiteracy), student enrollment, school financial solvency, and fair and equitable distribution of JROTC programs among states. Schools may also apply to host or convert an existing JROTC unit to a National Defense Cadet Corps (NDCC) per 10 U.S.C. §2035. NDCC statutory and regulatory requirements are similar to host a JROTC unit. However, instructor salaries and other costs for NDCCs are the responsibility of the host institution and not subsidized by the government. Beyond instructor salaries mentioned earlier, the military departments also fund uniforms, cadet travel, training aids, text books, educational materials, and other unit operating Mip-------------------.-,'*g-v \n\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\ \\\ \\ \ L \ \ 1k \ \ \ \\ \ \ Q\\ \\\ \\\

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