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Updated November 24, 2020
Defense Primer: Military Installations Management
The Department of Defense (DOD) and the Military
Departments (MILDEPs) maintain distinctive
organizational structures (Figure 1), policies, and programs
for managing their installations. Title 10 United States
Code (U.S.C.) §2801 defines a military installation as a
base, camp, post, station, yard, center, or other activity
under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of a [MILDEP] or, in
the case of an activity in a foreign country, under the
operational control of the Secretary of a [MILDEP] or the
Secretary of Defense. Title 16 U.S.C. §670 further defines
the term with respect to conservation programs as any
land, or interest in land, owned by the United States and
administered by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary
of a [MILDEP], except land under the jurisdiction of the
Assistant Secretary of the Army having responsibility for
civil works. In general, these definitions include all types
of real property buildings, training ranges, and supporting
infrastructure that reside on a military installation.
Installations management includes overseeing, planning,
programming, and implementing major activities at military
installations, such as installation master planning; facility
planning and design; military construction (MILCON);
facilities sustainment, restoration, and modernization
(FSRM); military housing; and the reutilization or disposal
of real property. These activities can include several sub-
activities such as maintaining real property inventories and
performing condition assessments, reviewing real estate
agreements, maintaining installation force protection, or
contracting for utility services.
Examples of DOD programs that fall under the umbrella of
military installations management include the
* Military Housing Privatization Initiative;
* Energy Resilience and Conservation Investment
Program;
* Defense Environmental Restoration Program; and
* Child Development Programs.
Current defense-wide issuances that address real property
and associated installation management activities include
DOD Directive 4165.06 Real Property and the 4165 series
of DOD Instructions. Additional installation management
policies are set by each MILDEP, or the Office of the
Secretary of Defense (OSD) for real property they manage.
DOD manages its installations (those not under jurisdiction
or operational control of a MILDEP) through the Office of
the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment, or
OASD(S). The Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Sustainment has overall responsibility for DOD's
planning, programs, and capacity to provide mission
assurance through facilities investment, MILCON,
environmental restoration and compliance, installation and
operational energy resilience, and occupational safety
programs. Within OASD(S), the Office of Facilities
Management is the program manager and policy advocate
for DOD-managed installations.
Installation support services for DOD-managed facilities
are generally provided by an associated DOD component
(i.e., a defense agency, field activity, or U.S. Special
Operations Command). However, if the DOD facility
resides on a MILDEP-owned installation, then the host
military service may also provide certain upkeep services.
Within Headquarters, Department of the Army, the Office
of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations,
Energy, and Environment, OASA (IE&E), establishes
policy, provides strategic direction, and supervises all
matters pertaining to infrastructure, Army installations and
contingency bases, energy, and environmental programs
for the Army. The Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-9
(Installations), led by the Deputy Chief of Staff (DCS), G-9,
serves as the link between the Army Secretariat and the
Army's Land Holding Commands (LHCs). The DCS, G-9
administers the Installation Program Evaluation Group,
leads the Army's Quality of Life effort, and synchronizes
Army programs, processes, and regulatory guidance to
ensure LHCs that retain the Army's real property have the
resources needed for infrastructure and installation services.
With the exception of Army National Guard facilities,
which are typically managed by states, the Army manages
installations through its Installation Management Command
(IMCOM). IMCOM handles the day-to-day operations of
Army installations, providing services such as fire safety,
policing, housing, and child care. IMCOM also oversees the
Army Safety program. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE) supports Army installations, and, as applicable,
other military services and DOD components' installations,
by providing technical expertise and capabilities. Individual
installation management, planning, and leadership is
provided by the local installation commander, known as a
Garrison Commander in the Army.
Navy kInstaLations
Within the Department of the Navy, the Office of the
Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Energy, Installations
and Environment, OASN (EI&E), is responsible for policy
related to the Navy's energy security; acquisition and
disposal of real property; construction and maintenance of
installations; protecting the safety and occupational health
of the military and civilian personnel; environmental
protection, planning and restoration ashore and afloat; and
conservation of natural and cultural resources. The Deputy
Chief of Naval Operations for Fleet Readiness and
Logistics (OPNAV N4) is responsible for the resourcing of
shore installations to maintain Navy readiness.
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