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1 1 (November 12, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdcoh0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Updated November 12, 2020 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Invasive Species Efforts An invasivespecies is anonnative species thatdoes oris likely to causeeconomic orenvironmentalharmorharm to human health. Invasive species impact terrestrial and aquatic-including marine and freshwater-systems. As society has become more connected, opportunities for the spread of invasive species have increased (e.g., navigation activities can transport species and introduce themto multiple different watersheds and waterbodies). After introduction, invasive species may become established and spread;it can be costly and difficult (or impos sible, in sont cases) to control or eradicate them. Many federal and nonfederal agencies managing land and water undertake efforts to preventthe introduction and spread of invasive species or, upon detection of an invasive species, devote resources to control and eradication efforts. For more information on invasive species, see CRS In Focus IF11011, InvasiveSpecies:A BriefOverview. The U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers (USACE), part of the Department of Defense, develops and maintains civil works projects in the United States principally to improve navigable channels, reduce flood and stormdamage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. USACEis the steward of approximately 12 million acres ofpublic lands and waters at hundreds of water resources projects nationwide. Invasive species can impact USACEprojects by outcompeting native species, clogging water pipes, and affecting water quality and recreation. Invasive species affecting USACEprojects include Asian carp, zebra and quaggamussels, feralhogs, andhydrilla, among others. USACE projects also can serve as a vector for transporting invasive species that damage other water bodies. This In Focus presents informationon USACEinvasive species funding and selected authorities, programs, andprojects, as well as related legislative actionin the 116a Congress. USACEnvashve p A USACE generally undertakes efforts to prevent or reduce the introduction and establishment of invasive species at its projects, pursuant to its nationwide Invasive Species Policy, engineering regulations, and project and programmatic authorizations (some of which authorize specific invasive species control and eradication activities). USACEtypically funds invasive species work for individual projects through project funding lines in the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) account; project planning documents address the nature of work at the project level. USACE also pursues invasive species research that may involve field studies at USACE projects. Other USACE activities (e.g., regulatory activities) also may take invasive species into consideraton. USACE spent an estimated $164.9 million on invasive species activities in FY2020. Spending for invasive species is included in many USACE activities; for example, 65% of USACE's spending on invasive species was included in activities focused on navigation, 25% was included in activities for ecosystemrestoration, and 10% was included in other activities. Invasive species spending also can be divided by response type. Figure 1 shows the spending breakdown for the typeofUSACEinvasive species workin FY2020. Figure I. USACE Invasive Species Estimated Spending by Response Activity, FY2020 Source: USACE, Engineer Research and Development Center. Note: USACE estimates spending for fiscal years based on previous fiscal year expenditures, projections of work, and any known additions of funding. USACEhas severalprograms that directspecific invasive species activities. These programs receive funding annually. Aquatic Plant Control Program. The River and Harbor Act of 1958, as amended (33 U.S.C. §610), authorizes the Aquatic Plant Control Program, a comprehensive program for the prevention, control, and progressive eradication of noxious aquatic plant growths and aquatic invasive species in U.S. waters. The programundertakes research and development of management s olu tions for invasive aquatic plants that affectUSACEmissions. The Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-121) amended this authority to also allow for USACEto establish watercraft inspections stations in selected river basins to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species, including plants and animals (including quaggaand zebra mus sels) at USACEres ervoirs. These watercraft inspection stations are to be constructed, operated, and maintained _Restoration, 6% Research, 6% Ed. & Public Awareness, 4% L Leadership& Coordination, 1% Total: $164.9 million (estimated) \ Q xa \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \

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