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             Congressional
             Research Servik






COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Household

Employment and Income



Updated November 9, 2020
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affectedhouseholds in numerous ways,
including shuttering business and schools, resulting in an economic recession and loss of employment
income. An experimental U.S. Census Bureau household survey has been fielded to track the implications
of the COVID-19 pandemic on households. This Insight provides some data from that survey, as well as
links to research on the pandemic-induced recession's effects on households and policy responses to
them.

Loss  of Employment In come
The Census survey found that close to half of all households in the United States experienced at least
some loss of employment income since March 2020, when the economic effects of the pandemic first
became apparent. The survey asked adults whether they lived in households that lost employment income
from March 13, 2020, to when they were surveyed in late September through mid-October 2020. The
survey did not ask whether that loss of employment income was directly attributable to the COVID-19
pandemic. It also did not ask how much employment income was lost.
While employment income loss was widespread, it was disproportionately in households that were in
lower income categories in 2019 and households with children under age 18. Figure 1 shows the
percentage of adults in households that reported income loss by their 2019 income category and family
type. The largest proportion of households that lost employment income were those with children and low
incomes (65% of households with 2019 incomes below $25,000 and children lost some employment
income since March); households without children and with a respondent age 65 and older were the least
likely to lose employment income.








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