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1 1 (October 14, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdcco0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 01;0i E.$~ & October 14, 2020 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Invasive Species Efforts An invasive species is a nonnative species that does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Invasive species impact terrestrial and aquatic including marine and freshwater systems. As society has become more connected, opportunities for the spread of invasive species have increased (e.g., navigation activities can transport species and introduce them to multiple different watersheds and waterbodies). After introduction, invasive species may become established and spread; it can be costly and difficult (or impossible, in some cases) to control or eradicate them. Many federal and nonfederal agencies managing land and water undertake efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species or, upon detection of an invasive species, devote resources to control and eradication efforts. For more information on invasive species, see CRS In Focus IF 1011, Invasive Species: A Brief Overview. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), part of the Department of Defense, develops and maintains civil works projects in the United States principally to improve navigable channels, reduce flood and storm damage, and restore aquatic ecosystems. USACE is the steward of approximately 12 million acres of public lands and waters at hundreds of water resources projects nationwide. Invasive species can impact USACE projects by outcompeting native species, clogging water pipes, and affecting water quality and recreation. Invasive species affecting USACE projects include Asian carp, zebra and quagga mussels, feral hogs, and hydrilla, among others. USACE projects also can serve as a vector for transporting invasive species that damage other water bodies. This In Focus presents information on USACE invasive species funding and selected authorities, programs, and projects, as well as related legislative action in the 116th Congress. USACEz Species, 2 ckhd' ev& USACE generally undertakes efforts to prevent or reduce the introduction and establishment of invasive species at its projects, pursuant to its nationwide Invasive Species Policy, engineering regulations, and project and programmatic authorizations (some of which authorize specific invasive species control and eradication activities). USACE typically funds invasive species work for individual projects through project funding lines in the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) account; project planning documents address the nature of work at the project level. USACE also pursues invasive species research that may involve field studies at USACE projects. Other USACE activities (e.g., regulatory activities) also may take invasive species into consideration. USACE spent an estimated $164.9 million on invasive species activities in FY2020. Spending for invasive species is included in many USACE activities; for example, 65% of USACE's spending on invasive species was included in activities focused on navigation, 25% was included in activities for ecosystem restoration, and 10% was included in other activities. Invasive species spending also can be divided by response type. Figure 1 shows the spending breakdown for the type of USACE invasive species work in FY2020. Figure I. USACE Invasive Species Estimated Spending by Response Activity, FY2020 Source: USACE, Engineer Research and Development Center. Note: USACE estimates spending for fiscal years based on previous fiscal year expenditures, projections of work, and any known additions of funding. USACE has several programs that direct specific invasive species activities. These programs receive funding annually. Aquatic Plant Control Program. The River and Harbor Act of 1958, as amended (33 U.S.C. §610), authorizes the Aquatic Plant Control Program, a comprehensive program for the prevention, control, and progressive eradication of noxious aquatic plant growths and aquatic invasive species in U.S. waters. The program undertakes research and development of management solutions for invasive aquatic plants that affect USACE missions. The Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-121) amended this authority to also allow for USACE to establish watercraft inspections stations in selected river basins to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species, including plants and animals (including quagga and zebra mussels) at USACE reservoirs. These watercraft inspection stations are to be constructed, operated, and maintained Restoration, 6% Research, 6% Ed. & Public Awareness, 4% L Leadership & Coordination, I % Total: $164.9 million (estimated) gognko g-o , q g 'S a X

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