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                  Resarh Set-vic





Isn't It Generic: Supreme Court to Consider

Whether Web Addresses Using Generic Terms

May Be Trademarked



June 2, 2020
What can be trademarked? On May 4, 2020, in its first telephonic oral argument ever, the Supreme Court
heard arguments addressing this question. Generally, trademarks protectthe goodwill that a company has
built in a distinctive name or mark. Whether a mark is distinctive can depend on a number of factors,
but, under long-standing trademark principles, a generic mark is never distinctive and therefore may not
be protected under trademark law. Amark is generic if it is the common name of a product or the
genus of which the particular product is a species. For example, one could not trademark the name
LITE BEER for light beer, or CONVENIENT STORE for convenience stores.
Booking.com, a hotel reservation company, applied to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (PTO) for a
trademark on its business name, BOOKING.COM. The PTO denied the application, but the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (Fourth Circuit) held that BOOKING.COM is a protectable mark. In PTO
v. Booking.com, the Supreme Court is poised to address the question whether combining two generic
terms can result in a protectable, distinctive trademark. Specifically, the case presents the question
whether the addition by an online business of a generic top-level domain ('.com') to an otherwise
generic term can create a protectable trademark. This Sidebar will discuss the relevant legal background
before addressing potential implications for Congress.

Legal Background

Trademark law protects the goodwill represented by particular marks. These protections allow
customers to recognize and distinguish between particular product sources. Because trademark law
restricts the words and images that can be used in commerce, however, it also implicates concerns
regarding free expression and fair competition. Trademark law protects this linguistic commons by not
offering protection for words that do not identify goodwill attached to products or product sources but
rather are used for their common meaning or meanings not indicative of products and product sources.



                                                            Congressional Research Service
                                                              https://crsreports.congress.gov
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