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                   Resarh Service






The Department of Homeland Security's

Nationwide Expansion of Expedited Removal



Updated June 30, 2020
Non-U.S. nationals (aliens) apprehended by immigration authorities when attempting to unlawfully enter
the United States are generally subject to a streamlined, expedited removal process, in which there is no
hearing or further review of an administrative determination that the alien should be removed. Since the
enactment of the expedited removal statute in 1996, expedited removal has been used primarily with
respect to aliens who have either arrived at a designated port of entry or were apprehended near the border
shortly after surreptitiously entering the United States. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA),
however, authorizes the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to apply expedited
removal more broadly to aliens in anypart of the United States who have not been admitted or paroled by
immigration authorities, if those aliens have been physically present in the country for less than two years
and either did not obtain valid entry documents or procured their admission through fraud or
misrepresentation. In 2019, DHS issued notice that it was expanding the use of expedited removal to the
full extent permitted under the INA. The expansion prompts significant questions concerning the
relationship between the federal government's broad power over the entry and removal of aliens and the
due process rights of aliens located within the United States. Recently, a federal appellate court upheld the
expansion against a legal challenge seeking to stop its implementation.

The Expedited Removal Framework
Typically, when DHS seeks to remove an alien found in the interior of the United States, it institutes
removal proceedings under INA § 240, conducted by an immigration judge (IJ) within the Department of
Justice's Executive Office for Immigration Review. During these formal removal proceedings, the alien
has a number of procedural protections, including the right to counsel at his own expense, the right to
apply for any available relief from removal (such as asylum), the right to present testimony and evidence
on the alien's own behalf, and the right to appeal an adverse decision to the Board of Immigration
Appeals (BIA). Additionally, the alien may, as authorized by statute, seek judicial review of a final order
of removal. Generally, DHS may (but is not required to) detain an alien while fonnal removal proceedings
are pending, and may release the alien on bond or his or her own recognizance (however, detention is
mandatory if the alien is removable on certain criminal or terrorist-related grounds, except in limited
circumstances).

                                                                Congressional Research Service
                                                                  https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                                     LSB10336

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