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COVID-19: U.S. Economic Effects



May 13, 2020
This Insight discusses the current and projected effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic on the U.S. economy. For effects on the world economy, see CRS Report R46270, Global
Economic Effects of COVID-19, coordinated by James K. Jackson.
The economic impacts of COVID-19 since March 2020 have been large and dramatic, with impact
disparities between various sectors and regions. In the United States, fear of infection, social distancing,
and various states' stay-at-home orders prompted business closures and severe declines in U.S. demand
for travel, accommodations, restaurants, and entertainment, among other industries. This has led to
massive layoffs, furloughs, and surges in unemployment claims, with predictions for further declines in
U.S. gross domestic product (GDP).


Economic Effects of COVID-19: Currently Available

Data

GDP measures the goods and services produced in the United States. As shown in Figure 1, real GDP fell
at an annualized rate of 4.8% in the first quarter of 2020 (compared with a 2.1 % growth rate in the fourth
quarter of 2019). The drop was concentrated in personal consumption of durable goods and services,
exports (led by a drop in services such as travel), and business investment. However, these data cover
three months, only one of which was significantly affected by COVID-19. Inflation-adjusted personal
consumption spending in March fell by an annualized rate of 7.3%, with declines exceeding 20% for
motor vehicles, clothing, recreation services, transportation services, and food services.


Congressional Research Service
  https://crsreports.congress.gov
                     IN11388


CRS NS GHT
Prepaimed for Mernbeis and
Committees of Congress .....

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