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1 1 (May 06, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdaad0001 and id is 1 raw text is: -c r s c n ...........~ Updated May 6, 2020 U.S. Foreign Assistance sz KLS, Aor,, st ance Foreign assistance is an instrument of U.S. policy through which the U.S. government provides resources to another country's government, civil society, or other private sector entity on a grant or concessional loan basis. Most U.S. foreign assistance is administered by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC); the U.S. Departments of State, Agriculture (USDA), the Treasury, and Defense (DOD); or is channeled through multilateral organizations. U.S. foreign assistance can take many forms. Most aid is provided through projects implemented by U.S. and international agencies, contractors, or nongovernmental organizations. It takes the form of expert technical advice, training, equipment, and construction in a wide range of sectors (see Figure 1), and can support vaccines and malaria nets, textbooks, roads and other infrastructure, food, educational exchanges, microcredit, and military weaponry. On average, about 2% of aid is provided as direct budget support (cash) to foreign governments. ...U.S. foreign assistance is not charity but a strategic investment in our own security that saves lives and keeps us safe. Joint Statement from Admiral James Stavridis (Ret) and General Tony Zinni (Ret.), 211012020 There are three main overlapping rationales behind U.S. foreign assistance: (1) National Security. Aid may help build stability and counter international threats by promoting global prosperity and health, environmental protection, democracy and rule of law, and by bolstering the military readiness and security of allied nations. (2) Commercial Interests. Supporting economic growth and expanding trade capacity in developing countries may expand markets for U.S. exports, creating economic opportunities and jobs here at home. (3) Humanitarian Interests. Providing food, shelter, and other basic assistance to displaced persons and other victims of natural disasters and conflict is a reflection of U.S. values and global leadership. Critics of foreign aid maintain that efforts to generate economic growth in developing countries, promote democracy, and train and equip foreign militaries, among other objectives, have often been ineffective and wasteful. Other critics argue that foreign aid funds would be better used to address domestic priorities, or to reduce the federal deficit. I think it's a very simple choice that when we're looking at helping those in need in our country, we quit sending money to other countries. Senator Rand Paul, Senate Floor Speech, 9/7/2017 How Much , rg-.t U.S, In FY2018, the United States obligated an estimated $46.89 billion, about 1% of the total federal budget and 3.3% of discretionary budget authority, for foreign assistance from all sources, as reported by the U.S. Foreign Assistance Explorer database (https://explorer.usaid.gov/). This included aid pursuant to the Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Agencies (SFOPS) appropriations as well as aid from USDA, DOD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other agency appropriations. Figure I. Foreign Aid as a Portion of Federal Budget Authority and by Sector, FY2018 (net obligations) === === == === ===== = . .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ........ .. . . . . . .......... .......................... . :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::P::::t::::::: ::: thig Econom ik Growth, 7% . ...... Maagement 7% M. ...... ... Inaternatisnal Contriburions, 1% Source: Foreign Aid Explorer; CRS calculations. Note: FY20 18 data are the most recent comprehensive data available. Excluding military assistance (for which comparable data are not available), the United States ranked first in the world in 2018 among official donors of development and humanitarian assistance in dollar terms, followed by Germany, te United Kingdom, France, and Japan. When such aid is calculated as a percentage of gross national income, however, te United Arab Emirates tops the list of major donors, while the United States ranks at the bottom (OECD 2018). While some argue that the United States should increase aid levels to address global needs. oters assert that U.S. contributions adequately reflect U.S. global interests or exceed an appropriate share. More than 170 countries and territories received some form of U.S. assistance in FY2018, reflecting te broad use of aid as a diplomatic tool. Top U.S. bilateral aid recipients are typically countries that are strategic allies in the Middle East, important partners in counterterrorism efforts, or global healt focus countries. Top recipients also often include countries tat face humanitarian crises brought on by natural disaster or conflict. In FY20 18, the top 10 Wy's C.,,

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