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1 1 (March 31, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govcpzs0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 01;0i E.$~ & March 31, 2020 Defense Primer: United States Transportation Command United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM or TRANSCOM) is a Department of Defense (DOD) functional combatant command responsible for providing air, land, and sea transportation to meet national security needs. TRANSCOM's assigned mission is to conduct globally integrated mobility operations, lead the broader joint deployment and distribution enterprise, and provide enabling capabilities to project and sustain the Joint Force. It is the centerpiece of the Defense Transportation System, which comprises U.S. military, U.S. commercial, and foreign transportation resources. Established in 1987, TRANSCOM is located at Scott Air Force Base (AFB), IL. Historically, the command has provided strategic mobility in support of several major contingency operations from Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm to Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. It has supported peacekeeping initiatives such as Operations Restore Hope (Somalia), Uphold Democracy (Haiti), and Support Hope (Rwanda). It has also aided humanitarian relief operations in response to natural disasters such as Hurricanes Dorian, Florence, and Michael. TRANSCOM has a workforce of over 138,000 personnel, of which about 50% are in the Reserve Component. The command reports that on any given day it conducts more than 240 air missions, has 30 ships underway, and sends 1,200 ground shipments. As well, TRANSCOM manages over 597,000 personal property shipments each year associated with Permanent Change of Station, or PCS, moves as part of its steady-state operations (Figure 1). Figure I. USTRANSCOM Shipping Providers and \gg\ shipping support for.. continqency SteadyState Operations Operations Pa5senger Cargo Passenger Cargo Air ...... < ~ k Sea ~~x\\% \ IN \ WIN Source: CRS analysis of USTRANSCOM data, March 2020. TRANSCOM operates in over 85% of the world's countries. To accomplish its extensive array of missions, the command uses military assets (organic assets), but also relies heavily on its commercial-sector partners (non- organic assets). TRANSCOM's commercial partnerships are reflected in its large volume of contracting activities. See Table 1 for TRANSCOM's steady-state contracting estimates for FY2020. Table I. USTRANSCOM Contracting Portfolio Division Programs FY2020 Airlift Division 10 $2.3B Sealift Services 6 $877M Specialized Transportation & 15 $2.5 B Support Information Technology 60 $251 M & related services Source: USTRANSCOM. Note: FY2020 estimated expenditures on all contracts. Co n n,,pc,k,,kNet Comma,,.,ds TRANSCOM's Transportation Component Commands (TCCs) fulfill roles in training, equipping, and resourcing the forces necessary to carry out TRANSCOM's global missions. TRANSCOM is composed of three TCCs, one each from the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. A description of each follows. M1i kry Suwfkc:z De o nm and t'~x'ikkon SDDC, headquartered at Scott AFB, is TRANSCOM's Army component that is responsible for all defense surface transportation. SDDC connects surface warfighting requirements through distribution network nodes to the point of need, responsively projecting power and delivering desired effects in support of the Combatant Commands [COCOMs] and the Total Joint Force. SDDC is also involved in planning and executing the surface delivery of equipment and supplies to all deployed service members. MSC is TRANSCOM's Navy component headquartered at Naval Station Norfolk, VA. MSC operates 125 civilian- crewed ships that replenish U.S. Navy ships, provide logistics support and strategic sealift, and perform specialized missions around the world. MSC is responsible for the ocean transportation of military cargo and supplies used by deployed U.S. forces and coalition partners. During contingencies, MSC also exercises operational command over the Maritime Administration's (MARAD's) Ready Reserve Force (See CRS Report R45725, Shipping Under the Jones Act: Legislative and Regulatory Background, by John Frittelli). Air McbW''t~ Cok>ad (AMC) AMC, TRANSCOM's Air Force component headquartered at Scott AFB, provides airlift and aerial refueling services '.0 K~:> - , gnom ggmm , q rq\\ 'S a X 11LULANJILiN,

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