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1 1 (January 6, 2017)

handle is hein.crs/govceyw0001 and id is 1 raw text is: FF.ri E.$~ & January 6, 2017 Security Cooperation Issues: FY2017 NDAA Outcomes The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY2017 (P.L. 114-328) contains several dozen provisions on security cooperation, defined to mean programs, activities, and other interactions of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) with foreign security establishments for the purpose of increasing partner capabilities, providing U.S. armed forces with access, or promoting relationships relevant to U.S. national security interests. Although security cooperation has long been a feature of U.S. relations with foreign militaries, relevant authorities contained in Title 10 (Armed Forces) of the U.S. Code have accumulated over time and are scattered in permanent law and temporary NDAA provisions. Motivated to streamline existing authorities, reform DOD's management of the security cooperation enterprise, and facilitate congressional oversight, DOD and thel 14th Congress developed various legislative proposals-efforts that culminated in provisions enacted in the FY2017 NDAA. Given the breadth of enacted changes to DOD security cooperation authorities and management practices, the 115th Congress may choose to monitor the implementation of the new provisions and critically assess whether further changes, including to resources, are needed to improve the effectiveness of U.S. government-wide security sector assistance and cooperation efforts. Subtitle E of the NDAA consolidated many of DOD's core security cooperation authorities into a new chapter of Title 10 (Chapter 16). The changes reorganized, modified, and superseded existing authorities in four main areas: * Military-to-military engagements, exchanges, and contacts, including payment of personnel expenses and the extension of such authorities to non-military security personnel (with Secretary of State concurrence). * Combined exercises and training with foreign forces, including with U.S. general purpose forces and special operations forces. * Operational support and foreign capacity building, including logistic support, supplies, and services associated with operations in which the U.S. military is not directly participating; defense institution building; and a consolidated capacity building authority to train and equip foreign forces as well as sustain such support. * Educational and training activities, including foreign participation in service academies and other DOD- sponsored programs, such as the DOD State Partnership Program, the Regional Centers for Security Studies, and the Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program, among others. The FY2017 NDAA contained several administrative and organizational instructions for the management and oversight of DOD security cooperation policy. * The Secretary of Defense is directed to identify a single official and office in his office, at the Under Secretary level or below, to conduct oversight of strategic security cooperation and overall resource allocations. * The Secretary of Defense is required to establish a program for security cooperation assessment, monitoring, and evaluation (AME). * The Director of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) is responsible for the execution and administration of DOD's provision of defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services. * The Secretary of Defense is required to establish a program, to be managed by DSCA, to further professionalize the security cooperation workforce. * The Secretary of Defense is required to conduct an annual review of the program and structure of its Regional Centers for Security Studies, including their alignment with strategic priorities of the Department. * The Department is encouraged to improve the use and functionality of Global Theater Security Cooperation Management Information Systems (G-TSCMIS) as a DOD-wide database on its programs and activities. The FY2017 NDAA also incorporated new or extended existing mechanisms for congressional oversight and public accountability. Such tools included requirements to prepare reports, certify, or provide advance notice of certain programs and activities. The NDAA also required the issuance, within a specified time period, of guidance and regulations to carry out certain new security cooperation authorities. In the case of the new requirement for AME programming, the NDAA requires evaluation summaries to be publicly available. In addition: * The President is required to conduct a quadrennial review of programs, policies, authorities, and resources pertaining to U.S. security sector assistance-beginning in January 2018 and every four years through 2034. * Beginning with the FY2019 budget, due in 2018, the President is required to submit a formal, consolidated budget request for DOD's security cooperation efforts, including programming for AME and workforce development. Beginning immediately, DOD is required to submit quarterly reports to Congress on the obligation and expenditure of security cooperation funds. * Within 180 days of enactment, DOD is to submit initial policy guidance on the roles, responsibilities, and .O 'T p\w -- , gmwn goo mppm qq\ a , q 'S I 11LULANJILiN,

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