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1 1 (February 20, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govcafd0001 and id is 1 raw text is: &~ ~ riE SE .$rCh &~ ~ ~ February 20, 2020 Supplemental Appropriations for Army Corps Flood Response and Recovery The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, or Army Corps) has a prominent role in responding to natural disasters, especially floods, in U.S. states and territories. Congress has provided USACE with authorities to perform emergency flood fighting (e.g., sandbagging and temporary levee construction) and to repair certain nonfederal flood control works damaged by floods and other events. Congress often pays for these activities through supplemental appropriations. Since 2005, Congress also has provided USACE with supplemental appropriations for construction of flood risk reduction projects in states and territories as part of some post-flood disaster response and recovery efforts. Additionally, for incident and disaster responses performed pursuant to other federal authorities, the agency leading the federal effort may task USACE with assignments. These assignments are not funded through USACE budget accounts and are not discussed herein. The discussion below focuses on USACE's emergency flood response and recovery activities pursuant to USACE authorities and supplemental funds, as well as related issues for Congress. Congress provided USACE with $53.9 billion (in nominal dollars) in supplemental appropriations from FY1990 through FY2019. Of the $53.9 billion, Congress provided $49.3 billion for flood response and recovery. Figure 1 shows the USACE flood-related supplemental funds by decade: $1.1 billion in the 1990s, $19.2 billion in the 2000s, and $29.0 billion in the 2010s. Apart from the flood funding, Congress provided USACE with supplemental funds of $4.6 billion for national economic recovery through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111-5, FY2009) and $29 million for facility security (P.L. 108-11, FY2003). Each of the flood-related USACE supplemental bills has been unique. Although some legislative text has appeared in multiple acts, Congress generally has tailored the acts to reflect specific characteristics of the disasters and Congress's preferred means to support response and recovery for the disasters. Figure I. Army Corps Flood-Related Supplemental Funds, FYI 990-FY2019 Source: CRS, using enacted legislation. Amounts shown are nominal. Prior to FY2005, Congress principally provided supplemental funds for USACE to repair damage to its existing facilities (through USACE's Operations & Maintenance [O&M] account), and pay for flood fighting and repair damage to certain nonfederal levees and dams (though the Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies [FCCE] account). Rather than fund flood fighting through annual appropriations, Congress has provided USACE with authority to transfer funds for flood fighting into the FCCE account from other USACE accounts. USACE uses FCCE supplemental funds to reimburse the other accounts and to pay for FCCE-eligible repairs to nonfederal flood control works. Table I. Supplemental Appropriations by Army Corps Budget Account, FY2013-FY2019 ($ in millions, nominal) Invest. & Public Law Expenses Const. O&M FCCE MR&T Total State and Territory Invest. & Const. Limitations P.L. 116-20 35 740 908 1,000 575 3,258 Affected by Hurricanes Florence & Michael, Typhoon Mangkhut, Super Typhoon Yutu, Tropical Storm Gita P.L. 115-123 155 15,055 608 810 770 17,398 Affected by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, & Maria or more than one flood in CY2014-CY2017 for some funds P.L. 114-254 - 55 260 420 291 1,026 - P.L. 113-2 60 3,461 821 1,008 - 5,350 Affected by Hurricane Sandy in USACE's North Atlantic Division Source: CRS using referenced bills. Notes: Invest. = Investigations; Expenses = General Expenses; Const. = Construction; MR&T = Mississippi River and Tributaries. gognpo 'pop\qm ggmm g , q 'S a X 11L1\LXW1kJ\W,

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