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               Researh Sevice





FDIC Proposes Changes to Brokered Deposit

Regulation



January 6, 2020
On December 12, 2019, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) proposed changes to current
rules that restrict banks that are not well capitalized from accepting brokered deposits, a perennial point of
contention between banks and regulators. Recently, banks and financial technology companies have
developed or begun using new arrangements that may qualify as brokered deposits. This development has
refocused attention on the issue.


Background

Core deposits are the funds individuals or companies directly place in checking and savings accounts,
primarily to utilize the safekeeping, check-writing, and money-transfer services banks provide. Brokered
deposits, in contrast, are funds that a third-party broker places in a bank on behalf of a client, typically to
maximize interest earned and possibly also to ensure the client does not have any one bank account that
exceeds the FDIC's $250,000 insurance limit.
Core deposits are sticky-depositors are unlikely to switch banks due to differences in interest rates,
because they face costs and inconvenience when doing so (e.g., filling out new direct deposit forms,
getting new checks, and changing automatic bill payment information). In contrast, brokers typically
monitor interest rates offered at numerous banks and move funds from one bank to another with higher
interest rates, even if the difference is small.
Regulators traditionally have been wary of brokered deposits due to their potential lack of stability as a
funding source, and banks that overly rely on them or use them to lend imprudently could face an
increased risk of failure. Banks face liquidity risk-their assets cannot be converted into cash as easily as
depositors can withdraw funds. A bank run is a classic illustration of this: depositors demand their
deposits back en masse, but the bank does not have the cash to meet its obligations. Similarly, if deposit
brokers withdraw funding en masse, a bank could become distressed. The risk of failure increases further
if a bank seeks brokered deposits to expand in a relatively risky manner, such as by making loans in
volatile or unfamiliar markets. Bank runs on core deposits have been rare since the creation of federal
deposit insurance because core depositors have less incentive to run when they are confident they will not
suffer losses in the event of a bank failure. In contrast, if a bank does not offer high-enough interest rates,

                                                                  Congressional Research Service
                                                                    https://crsreports.congress.gov
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